The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response in sepsis remains to be elucidated. Apart from corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, many other neuroendocrine factors participate in the regulation of HPA stress response. The HPA response to acute and chronic illness exerts a biphasic profile. Tissue corticosteroid resistance may also play an importan...

Psychological stressors have a prominent effect on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) in humans and animals. We hypothesized that the stress-related neurochemical corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), acting in the amygdala, could initiate neural events that lead to REMS alterations. Therefore, we made bilateral microinjections of three different doses of CRF into the central nucleus of the amygda...

In this paper we propose that eukaryotic cells, under severe genotoxic stress, can commit genoautotomy (genome 'self-injury') that involves cutting and releasing single-strand DNA (ssDNA) fragments from double-stranded DNA and leaving ssDNA gaps in the genome. The ssDNA gaps could be easily and precisely repaired later. The released ssDNA fragments may play some role in the regulation of cell c...

Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, su...

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in social communication and language and the presence of repetitive behaviors that affect as many as 1 in 50 US children. Perinatal stress and environmental factors appear to play a significant role in increasing the risk for ASDs. There is no definitive pathogenesis, which therefore significantly hinders the development ...

Chronic exposure to stressful experiences impairs synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have shown that the spine densities of pyramidal neurons, turnover mushroom-type spines, and excitatory–inhibitory balance in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are modulated by stress. Trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) implicated stress-induced deficits. However, it remains unknown whether stress...

Increased c-fos mRNA or fos immunoreactivity within the central nervous system has been used as a marker of neuronal activation. Acute stress and acute immune challenge result in an increase in c-fos mRNA in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). It has often been implied that an increase in fos in the PVN can be equated to an increase in ...

Cytosolic compartmentalization through liquid-liquid unmixing, such as the formation of RNA granules, is involved in many cellular processes and might be used to regulate signal transduction. However, specific molecular mechanisms by which liquid-liquid unmixing and signal transduction are coupled remain unknown. Here, we show that during cellular stress the dual specificity kinase DYRK3 regula...

Substantial evidence indicates that stress can precipitate or worsen symptoms of inflammation in general and more specifically in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism of how stress affects MS is not well understood. We reviewed publications in PubMed since 1995 and propose that neur...