BACKGROUND Bioethanol production from biomass is becoming a hot topic internationally. Traditional static solid state fermentation (TS-SSF) for bioethanol production is similar to the traditional method of intermittent operation. The main problems of its large-scale intensive production are the low efficiency of mass and heat transfer and the high ethanol inhibition effect. In order to achieve ...

We use a large suite of carefully controlled full hydrodynamic simulations to study the ram pressure stripping of the hot gaseous halos of galaxies as they fall into massive groups and clusters. The sensitivity of the results to the orbit, total galaxy mass, and galaxy structural properties is explored. For typical structural and orbital parameters, we find that ∼ 30% of the initial hot galacti...

There are several physical processes to remove gas from galaxies in clusters, with subsequent starvation and star formation quenching: tidal interactions between galaxies, or tidal stripping from the cluster potential itself, interactions with the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) through ram pressure, turbulent or viscous stripping, or also outflows from star formation of nuclear activity, We rev...

The proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Facility includes a post-accelerator for rare isotopes (RIB linac) which must produce high-quality beams of radioactive ions over the full mass range, including uranium, at energies above the coulomb barrier, and with high transmission and efficiency. The latter requires the RIB linac to accept at injection ions in the 1+ charge state. A concept for s...

Electrochemical reduction is considered as one of the simple and effective methods with respect to CO2 conversion value-added chemicals. With this regard, on study novel catalysts plays a crucial role for overcoming chemical inertness enhance efficiency. In paper, nano Cu based highly efficient electrocatalysts redution are developed by electrochemical deposition from Cu2+ containing electrolyt...

Let’s say that you wanted to determine the heavy metal identities and concentrations in sediment and suspended solid samples obtained from present day Lake Nakuru. What technique would you use for this determination? You could use Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as was done in the article (Nelson 1998), but another technique, which is particularly good at detecting metals at the ppb level ...

Nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon (N-DLC) thin films were prepared on n-Si substrates using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition method. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to trace Pb and Cu in a neutral KCl solution with pH 7. Stripping voltammograms of Pb and Cu were analyzed in terms of metal concentration, deposition time and deposition potential. The SWASV resu...

High-resolution differential surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) capability has been demonstrated for detecting heavy metal ions in water. Metal ions are electroplated onto the gold SPR sensing surface and are quantitatively detected by stripping voltammetry. Both the SPR angular shift and electrochemical current signal are recorded to identify the type and a...

Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons stripped by a foil or laser produce which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowing high intensities of accumulated. However, capability comes drawback that outer electron H$^-$ ion has low bin...