A k-matching M of a graph G = (V,E) is subset ⊆ E such that each connected component in the subgraph F (V,M) either single-vertex or k-regular, i.e., vertex has degree k. In this contribution, we are interested k-matchings four standard products: Cartesian, strong, direct and lexicographic product. As shall see, problem finding non-empty (k ≥ 3) products NP-complete. Due to general intractabili...

For digraphs G and H , a homomorphism of G to H is a mapping f : V (G)→V (H) such that uv ∈ A(G) implies f(u)f(v) ∈ A(H). If, moreover, each vertex u ∈ V (G) is associated with costs ci(u), i ∈ V (H), then the cost of a homomorphism f is ∑ u∈V (G) cf(u)(u). For each fixed digraph H , the minimum cost homomorphism problem for H , denoted MinHOM(H), can be formulated as follows: Given an input di...

For digraphs D and H , a mapping f : V (D)→V (H) is a homomorphism of D to H if uv ∈ A(D) implies f(u)f(v) ∈ A(H). For a fixed digraph H , the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph D admits a homomorphism to H or not, and is denoted as HOM(H). An optimization version of the homomorphism problem was motivated by a realworld problem in defence logistics and was introduced in ...

We extend certain homomorphisms defined on the higher Torelli subgroups of the mapping class group to crossed homomorphisms defined on the entire mapping class group. In particular, for every k ≥ 2, we construct a crossed homomorphism ǫk which extends Morita’s homomorphism τ̃k to the entire mapping class group. From this crossed homomorphism we also obtain a crossed homomorphism extending the kt...

Minimum cost homomorphism problems can be viewed as a generalization of list homomorphism problems. They also extend two well-known graph colouring problems: the minimum colour sum problem and the optimum cost chromatic partition problem. In both of these problems, the cost function meets an additional constraint: the cost of using a specific colour is the same for every vertex of the input gra...

In this paper, we define some new homomorphism-monotone parameters for hypergraphs. Using these parameters, we extend some graph homomorphism results to hypergraph case. Also, we present some bounds for some well-known invariants of hypergraphs such as fractional chromatic number,independent numer and some other invariants of hyergraphs, in terms of these parameters.

For digraphs D and H, a mapping f : V (D)→V (H) is a homomorphism of D to H if uv ∈ A(D) implies f(u)f(v) ∈ A(H). If, moreover, each vertex u ∈ V (D) is associated with costs ci(u), i ∈ V (H), then the cost of the homomorphism f is ∑ u∈V (D) cf(u)(u). For each fixed digraph H, we have the minimum cost homomorphism problem for H. The problem is to decide, for an input graph D with costs ci(u), u...

In this paper we discuss decomposition in the context of three-dimensional Chern-Simons theories. Specifically, argue that a theory with gauged noneffectively-acting one-form symmetry is equivalent to disjoint union theories, discrete theta angles couplings image under Bockstein homomorphism canonical degree-two characteristic class. On three-manifolds boundary, show bulk (coupling bundle class...

In this paper, a new concept of anti-homomorphism between two fuzzy groups G and G‫׀‬ is defined many results analogous to homomorphism of groups are established