Recently, it was proposed (Baum, 1990 and Martin et al., 1990a, 1990b) that the southern ocean should be fertilized with iron to stimulate biological productivity, thus enhancing the flux of organic carbon from surface to depth, thereby lowering the concentration of inorganic arbon in surface water and in turn the atmospheric CO2 concentration. We explore the possible impact of a hypothetical i...

An absorption spectrometer utilizing a tunable distributed feedback diode laser at 2.3 μm and an interband cascade laser at 3.1 μm has been developed to measure temperature and concentrations of CO, CH4, C2H2, and H2O under gasification conditions. A wavelength division multiplexing approach using a single ZrF4-fiber was used to measure bot...

The waste tyres represent a source of energy and valuable hydrocarbon products. Waste tyres were pyrolysed catalytically in a batch reactor under atmospheric pressure. The effects of basic catalysts (MgO and CaCO3) were studied on the pyrolysis products. The distribution ratio of gas, liquid and char with MgO and CaCO3 were 24.4:39.8:35.8 wt % and 32.5:32.2:35.2 wt % respectively at 350°C for 2...

Abstract This paper presents the nonlinear dynamic analysis of an ideal two-reactant-two product reactive distillation. The impact of disturbance magnitudes and directions on openloop stability of the system is studied. An analysis of the physicochemical phenomena present in reactive distillation processes that, under certain operational conditions, causes special types of nonlinear behavior is...

T. Petäjä, V.-M. Kerminen, M. Dal Maso, H. Junninen, I. K. Koponen, T. Hussein, P. P. Aalto, S. Andronopoulos, D. Robin, K. Hämeri, J. G. Bartzis, and M. Kulmala Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Dept. of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change, Helsinki, Finland Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Dep...

Effective parameters that can effect on the performance of the separation system consist of operating pressure, operating temperature, reflux ratio, and kind of produce desirable products and different sequences of splits. As take a separation system with optimal performance is dependent on optimization of above mentioned effective parameters. In generally, there are two criteria (as object fun...

abstract:a mathematical model for the performance prediction of an industrial glass furnace with six ports on each side was developed. this model comprises of two main sub-models for the combustion chamber and glass-melting tank. the first sub-model consists of the models for the combustion and the heat transfer model including, radiation, convection and conduction. the fuel combustion in atmos...

The Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Synthesis (APCVS) route is a process that can be used for the synthesis of doped-nanocrystalline powders with very small crystallite sizes having a narrow particle size distribution and high purity. In this study, APCVS technique was used to prepare boron-doped titania nanopowders. The effects of temperature, borate flow rate and water flow rate on the am...

Al2O3-YAG (Al5Y3O12) amorphous ceramic coatings exhibit excellent crack propagation resistance under harsh wear services due to the phase contributing plastic deformation performance of coating. However, formation mechanism is ambiguous. This study mainly investigated coating prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying from perspective crystallization chemistry. Nano and microsized powders with low...

Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-p...