OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders with the use of the Rome II criteria and to compare these data with the classic Iowa criteria. STUDY DESIGN Patients recorded defecation and encopresis frequency. A standard history was taken and a physical examination including a rectal examination was done. The prevalence of both criteria was assessed a...

BACKGROUND Functional constipation is one of the most prevalent childhood gastrointestinal disorders. We evaluated effects of adding a probiotic to mineral oil in the treatment of functional constipation in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This controlled trial was conducted on 60 children (2 to 14 years old) with functional constipation (Rome III criteria). Children were allocated to receive ...

Natural soiling and the subsequent requisite cleaning of photovoltaic (PV) modules result in abrasion damage to cover glass. The durability front glass has important economic consequences, including determining use anti-reflective and/or anti-soiling coatings as well method frequency operational maintenance (cleaning). Artificial linear brush using Nylon 6/12 bristles was therefore examined exp...

Soiling losses of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to dust lead a significant decrease in solar energy yield and result economic losses; this hence poses critical challenges the viability PV smart grid systems. In paper, these are quantified under Qatar’s harsh environment. This quantification is based on experimental data from long-term measurements various climatic parameters output power located...

Photovoltaic performance is significantly affected by soiling on its covering surface, which strongly influenced tilt angle. This raises concern for the potential investor, policymakers, engineers, and local populace in regions where rate threats remain relatively unexplored. study investigated effect of dust accumulation PV, considering influence angle using a low-cost in-house developed stati...