In the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens strain AM1, MxaF, a Ca(2+)-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), is the main enzyme catalyzing methanol oxidation during growth on methanol. The genome of strain AM1 contains another MDH gene homologue, xoxF1, whose function in methanol metabolism has remained unclear. In this work, we show that XoxF1 also functions as an MDH and is ...

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the subcritical and supercritical evaporation of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) argon nanodroplet in its own vapor. Using a new technique to control both the ambient temperature and pressure, a range of conditions are considered to define a transition line between subcritical and supercritical evaporation. The evaporation is considered to be supercri...

We investigate the role played by subcritical bubbles at the onset of the electroweak phase transition. Treating the configuration modelling the thermal fluctuations around the homogeneous zero configuration of the Higgs field as a stochastic variable, we describe its dynamics by a phenomenological Langevin equation. This approach allows to properly take into account both the effects of the the...

where x = (x1, . . . , xd) ∈ Rd and ∆ = ∑d j=1 ∂xjxj is the Laplacian, has been the subject of intensive study, due to its role in various areas of physics, such as nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The NLS is called subcritical, critical, and supercritical if σd < 2, σd = 2, and σd > 2, respectively. It is well-known that in the critical and supercritical cases, the NLS (1)...

We explore methods to locate subcritical branches of spatially periodic solutions in pattern forming systems with a nonlinear finite-wavelength instability. We do so by means of a direct expansion in the amplitude of the linearly least stable mode about the appropriate reference state which one considers. This is motivated by the observation that for some equations fully nonlinear chaotic dynam...

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170℃, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecula...

This paper concerns the equation ∆mu = |u|p, where m ∈ N, p ∈ (1,∞), and ∆ denotes the Laplace operator in RN, for some N ∈ N. Specifically, we are interested in the structure of the set L of all large radial solutions on the open unit ball B in RN . In the well-understood second-order case, the set L consists of exactly two solutions if the equation is subcritical, of exactly one solution if i...

The growth dynamics of a single crack in a heterogeneous material under subcritical loading is an intermittent process, and many features of this dynamics have been shown to agree with simple models of thermally activated rupture. In order to better understand the role of material heterogeneities in this process, we study the subcritical propagation of a crack in a sheet of paper in the presenc...

Background: Methanol is regarded as a biorenewable platform feedstock because nearly all bioresources can be converted into methanol through syngas. Biological conversion of methanol using synthetic methylotrophs has thus gained worldwide attention. Results: Herein, to endow Escherichia coli with the ability to utilize methanol, an artificial linear methanol assimilation pathway was assembled i...

While the occurrence of large amplitude internal waves in the Earth’s natural bodies of water is widely documented, the generation of these waves remains an active area of exploration. We discuss numerical simulations of transcritical flows of a density strat­ ified fluid with a dual focus on the role of a background shear current and transitions of the background current from super to subcriti...