measure anxiety and depression (Clark & Watson, 1991). Because of that, several authors have used factor analysis to develop anxiety and depression scales with a greater divergent validity. The most recent is that of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995a, 1995b). Their work led to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), each of which contains 14 items. The Depression scale assesses dysphoria, ...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate demographic and psychosocial predictors of perceptions of risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) in a population-based sample. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey of 18,447 men and women aged 55-64 years. A mailed questionnaire assessed perceived comparative risk for CRC along with demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnici...

OBJECTIVE To address the role of anxiety and depression symptoms in altered pain processing in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). DESIGN In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to rectal distensions delivered at previously determined individual discomfort thresholds was assessed. PATIENTS 15 female patients with irritable bowel synd...

Reappraisal is a well-known emotion regulation strategy. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that reappraisal recruits both medial and lateral prefrontal brain regions. However, few studies have investigated neural representation of reappraisals associated with anticipatory anxiety, and the specific nature of the brain activity underlying this process remains unclear. We used functional magneti...

Coping was examined as an intervening variable between the stressor of bereavement and its effects on subjective health and immunity in thirty-nine recently bereaved Norwegian women. Coping was defined as: "positive response outcome expectancies". Data were collected approximately one month after the death of the husband, and twelve months thereafter. Data collected were: expected coping succes...

OBJECTIVE A case control study to identify risk factors for burning mouth syndrome (BMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative analysis was carried out on the total salivary flow at rest and stimulated; subjective xerostomia, ingestion of medicines and the psychological states of anxiety and depression in 40 patients with BMS and 40 controls. RESULTS The ANOVA analysis showed significant diffe...

BACKGROUND It is well known that mealtime is anxiety provoking for patients with Anorexia Nervosa. However, there is little research into effective interventions for reducing meal related anxiety in an inpatient setting. METHODS This study compared the levels of distress and anxiety of patients with Anorexia Nervosa pre and post music therapy, in comparison to standard post meal support thera...

BACKGROUND In many clinical, teaching, and research situations it would be useful to have graded scales of the urgency or other subjective properties for clinical situations that can arise during anaesthesia. Such a scale could serve as a reference point for the appropriate mapping of the urgency in audible alarms or visual warnings, provide a basis for training of graduated difficulty during a...

Animal studies suggest that fear inhibits pain whereas anxiety enhances it; however it is unclear whether these effects generalize to humans. The present study examined the effects of experimentally induced fear and anxiety on radiant heat pain thresholds. Sixty male and female human subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 emotion induction conditions: (1) fear, induced by exposure to three b...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify symptoms associated with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) among subjects who are currently on sick leave due to symptoms of chronic pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, subjects (n = 167) who were currently on sick leave were asked to complete an extensive survey consisting of the followi...