Abstract This paper investigates the syntax and semantics of third person singular pronoun ɦi⁶ in Shanghainese its non-referential use. Evidence from phonological dependence syntactic integration with preceding host verb is presented to show that a clitic. It further observed this use requires licensing [+subjunctive] feature, echoing Qian (2004) Jin (2016) . However, my analysis diverges their...

Abstract On an influential line of thinking tracing back to Ramsey, conditionals are closely linked the attitude supposition. When applied counterfactuals, this view suggests a subjunctive version so-called Ramsey test: probability counterfactual If A, would B ought be equivalent B, under supposition that A. I present collapse result for any endorses test. Starting from plausible assumptions, s...

This study examines the subjunctive mood in Spanish. The mode is used to express concepts that are hypothetical, contrary fact, incorporate expression of speaker's feelings towards a state or an action. present research paper presents more detailed view on Spanish verbal modes and tenses. provides its own semantic functional contents. In addition, it has important syntactic behavior, since appe...

We investigate the notion of relevance as it pertains to ‘commonsense’, subjunctive conditionals. Relevance is taken here as a relation between a property (such as having a broken wing) and a conditional (such as birds typically fly). Specifically, we explore a notion of ‘causative’ relevance, distinct from ‘evidential’ relevance found, for example, in probabilistic approaches. A series of post...

Thanks are due to the Institute of the Czech National Corpus and to the Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences which kindly provided the data source for this paper. I also wish to thank Denisa Lenertová and the audiences of the Potsdam Workshop on Heterogenity in Linguistic Databases and of the 13th JungslavistInnen-Treffen for discussion, and the editors for their frie...

In this essay, we approach the question of language, thought, and reality by studying how grammar lexicon encode our relation to world (veridicality). We will address fundamental categories knowledge belief focus on specific grammatical devices such as mood morphemes (subjunctive indicative), attitude verbs belief, expressions possibility necessity modal (must, may, will, might). What is functi...

November 16, 2021
 Thinking with the papers in this special issue has been an intense spiritual experience. It is true that for me reading and writing are transmorphic events. The words move into my body, get veins, about, lodge themselves stomach vibrate mix memories, molecules, muscles, thoughts a sort of flurry seems rather uncontrollable. I dream about words, lines, ideas written issue...