Novel psychoactive substances flood worldwide markets faster than they can be banned. Legislators struggle to find a balance between free availability, prescription systems, and criminalisation, while physicians try to balance risks and benefits of drug treatment and identify drug abuse - a tightrope walk. Classification of psychoactive substances is central to these decision-making processes b...

This paper documents and analyzes the divergence between the perceived seriousness and actual social costs associated with various substances in Canada using public opinion data collected from the Canadian Addiction Survey (CAS) in 2004 (Racine et al., in press), and a 2006 study estimating the social costs of various substances in 2002 (Rehm et al., 2006). The first section presents background...

ADHD is the one of the most prevalent childhood disorders and has been associated with impairments persisting into adulthood. Specifically, childhood ADHD is an independent clinical risk factor for the development of later substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, adults who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have shown high rates of comorbid SUDs. Few studies, however, have reported on the relat...

This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the available evidence regarding the effects of non-invasive neurostimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on craving in substance dependence and craving for high palatable food. Non-invasive neurostimulation techniques were restricted to repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation...

This paper documents and analyzes the divergence between the perceived seriousness and actual social costs associated with various substances in Canada using public opinion data collected from the Canadian Addiction Survey (CAS) in 2004 (Racine et al., in press), and a 2006 study estimating the social costs of various substances in 2002 (Rehm et al., 2006). The first section presents background...

AIMS This paper explored, in a population-based sample of males, the factorial structure of criteria for substance abuse and dependence, and compared qualitatively the performance of these criteria across drug categories using item-response theory (IRT). DESIGN Marginal maximum likelihood was used to explore the factor structure of criteria within drug classes, and a two-parameter IRT model w...

Background: Substances abuse is dangerous not only for health but also in the view of economic and social values. The habit substance becomes cause purposeless waste money affects health. This study was conducted to assess effectiveness a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding substances among boys at selected senior secondary schools. Methodology: A pre-experimental pretest-posttes...

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between navigational strategies and the use of abused substances in a sample of healthy young adults. Navigational strategies were assessed with the 4-on-8 virtual maze (4/8VM), a task previously shown to dissociate between hippocampal-dependent spatial navigational strategies and caudate nucleus-dependent stimulus-response navigational strategie...

Recently, there has been a rise in the number of amphetamine derivatives that serve as substitutes for controlled substances (e.g. amphetamine and methamphetamine) on the global illegal drug market. These substances are capable of producing rewarding effects similar to their parent drug. In anticipation of the future rise of new and similar psychoactive substances, we designed and synthesized f...