With different nuances and from diverse analyses, scholars agree to maintain that the interaction of law and natural philosophy contributed to originate distinctive conceptual categories such as facts, certainty, and probability during the early-modern period. From this historiographical account, Francis Bacon has been highlighted as one of the most influential authors who merged legal thinking...

following the collapse of ussr, the usa, as a key player of the middle east region, claimed the leadership of the world unipolar system and, during the last two decades has attempted to restructure the region. to this end, the us has tried to put into practice a plan under the name the new middle east, inorder to maintain its presence and dominance over this strategic region with the aim of sec...

in the background of different sciences, compiling the record of periods is very helpful to better understand and recognize rise and fall of the science. this is also applicable to islamic jurisprudence, which is one branch of islamic sciences. many scholars of jurisprudence science have proposed historical periods for it. but, unfortunately, there has not been recorded any profound research wo...

iii realism – a predilection towards “playing by ear” and keeping options open with and ability to juggle options and keep them all in the air. Many of these traits are popularly associated with the stereotype of the bazaar merchant (bazaari). On the other hand, the popular bazaari stereotype is replete with negative characteristics. He is seen as a wheeler-dealer, one capable of selling ice to...

The last several decades have seen a proliferation of specialized courts, including within the family court system, that deviate from the adversarial model, and that rely on therapeutic jurisprudence and other problem-solving techniques. Whether and how traditional family courts can incorporate the best practices of these specialized courts is a largely understudied area. Drawing from ethnograp...