When Parsons et al. (1952) reported two patients with total pulmonary venous drainage into the right heart through a persistent left superior vena cava and the left innominate vein they were able to find accounts of only nine other patients, six of whom were babies diagnosed at autopsy. Another, although only diagnosed in life as having abnormal pulmonary venous drainage into the right superior...

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have sought to optimize the design of total cavopulmonary connections with a single superior vena cava. This study was directed to the 2% to 4.5% of the population with dual superior venae cavae, investigating the flow fields associated with such total cavopulmonary connection anatomies. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential use of computational designs and sim...

Superior vena cava obstruction leads to the venous hypertension of the head, neck, upper extremities and upper part of the truncus. Its clinical manifestation, known as the superior vena cava syndrome, is a complication of malignancy, mainly of lung cancer and lymphoma. As it usually affects patients with advanced disease, the prognosis is poor. This article stresses the importance of early det...

Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava is a very rare venous anomaly and is known as isolated PLSVC. It is usually an asymptomatic anomaly and is mostly detected during difficult central venous access or pacemaker implantation, though it could also be associated with an increased incidence of congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and conduction disturbances. He...

Nutcracker syndrome is a condition where there is compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing symptoms. Here, we describe the case of a female patient who had symptoms secondary to the compression of a left inferior vena cava between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing a nutcracker syndrome. We will review the etiology, embryo...

Superior vena cava syndrome is a clear sign for clinicians of infiltrative mediastinal involvement, usually caused by neoplasms in this location, and it is an indicator of poor prognosis. However, other diseases of benign origin can also cause these alterations. We present the case of a 34-year-old patient who debuted with symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome due to idiopathic mediastinal fi...

We report a case of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) with ostial atresia of the coronary sinus (CS). Without the anatomic angiography, radiofrequency (RF) energy was applied at the mitral valve annulus and the bypass tract was eliminated. After the therapy procedure, by CS angiography, we knew the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), and the coronary sinus was connected with...

We report successful outcomes after endovascular placement of a stent graft in a 74- and a 77-year-old men, both of whom had malignant superior vena cava syndrome caused by squamous cell carcinoma. In each patient, successful palliation of the malignant superior vena cava syndrome was achieved by placement of a stent graft. No procedure-related complications were observed. The patients were asy...

Superior vena cava obstruction is associated with multiple venous collaterals. There is an unusual pathway involving pulmonary venous collaterals in which systemic veins drain directly into the left heart, resulting in a right-to-left shunt. We report here a rare case of systemic to pulmonary venous shunt on both hemithoraces in superior vena cava obstruction associated with Budd-Chiari syndrom...