We describe the current situation concerning methods to search for relic neutrinos from the Big Bang and from all past supernovae (SNs). The most promising method for Big Bang neutrinos is by the interaction of ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos. For supernova neutrinos, both Super Kamiokandeand ICARUS-type detectors will be important to study both *e and e fluxes. We also discuss a dedicated su...

Beginning with the first numerical simulations conducted by Colgate and White[1], three decades of supernova modeling have established a basic supernova paradigm. The supernova shock wave—formed when the iron core of a massive star collapses gravitationally and rebounds as the core matter exceeds nuclear densities and becomes incompressible—stalls in the iron core as a result of enervating loss...

In this paper, we present results from a simulation of stellar core collapse, bounce, and postbounce evolution with Boltzmann neutrino transport. We motivate the development of our Boltzmann solver in light of the sensitivity of the neutrino-heating core collapse supernova paradigm to details in the neutrino transport, particularly near the neutrinospheres, where the neutrinos are neither diffu...

Strong constraints on the cosmic star formation history (SFH) have recently been established using ultraviolet and far-infrared measurements, refining the results of numerous measurements over the past decade. Taken together, the most recent and robust data indicate a compellingly consistent picture of the SFH out to redshift z ≈ 6, with especially tight constraints for z < 1. There have also b...

We have applied the SRIM computer code to study the sputtering of some likely astrophysical grain materials, and we have shown that selective embedding of metallic projectiles offers a partial explanation of gas-phase depletions. We show that supernova shockwaves sweep a significantly larger mass of interstellar gas per unit time than the shockwaves generated by outflows in star-forming regions...

Supernova remnants are usually analysed in the light of hydrodynamical models of the interaction of supernova ejecta with either a constant density ambient medium or a circumstellar medium produced by a constant presupernova wind. However, the ejection of energetic wind during the presupernova phase changes the ambient medium structure and, consequently, the early supernova remnant evolution. W...

Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a powerful technique for acute perturbation of biomolecules in a spatio-temporally defined manner in living specimen with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas a chemical photosensitizer including fluorescein must be added to specimens exogenously and cannot be restricted to particular cells or sub-cellular compartments, a genetically-encoded p...

We report the discovery of a partial ∼ 2 diameter non-thermal radio shell coincident with Taz, the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the error box of the apparently variable γ-ray source 3EG J1809−2328. We propose that this radio shell is a newly identified supernova remnant (SNR G7.5−1.7) associated with the PWN. The SNR surrounds an amorphous region of thermal X-rays detected in archival ROSAT and ...