Dynamic and history of the evaporization of a single isolated droplet suddenly exposed to an unsaturated gaseous enviroment has been studied numerically and experimentally. An analysis of the droplet oscillation frequency is used to measure the variation of the surface tension with time. As surface tension depends on the temperature, measured transient values of the surface tension may be used ...

Current understanding of the vapor-liquid exchange kinetics of liquid water is incomplete, leading to uncertainties in modeling the climatic effects of clouds and aerosol. Initial studies of atmospherically relevant solutes (ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride) indicate that their effect on the evaporation kinetics of water is minimal, but all those constituent ions are also expected to be deplet...

Radio wave propagation on low-altitude paths over the ocean above 2 GHz is significantly affected by negative refractivity gradients in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) which form what is often referred to as an evaporation duct (ED). Refractivity from clutter (RFC) is an inversion approach for estimation of the refractivity profile from radar clutter, and RFC-ED refers to its implementation...

The phase behavior of short-chain fluids in slit pores is investigated by using a nonlocal-density-functional theory that takes into account the effects of segment size, chain connectivity, and van der Waals attractions explicitly. The layering and capillary condensation/evaporation transitions are examined at different chain length, temperature, pore width, and surface energy. It is found that...

We have developed a new approach to quantitatively reconstruct past changes in evaporation based on compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios of vascular plant and Sphagnum biomarkers in ombrotrophic peatland sediments. We show that the contrast in H isotopic ratios of water available to living Sphagnum (top 20 cm) and in the rooting zone of peatland vascular plants can be used to estimate “f ”...

The drying of hydrophobic cavities is believed to play an important role in biophysical phenomena such as the folding of globular proteins, the opening and closing of ligand-gated ion channels, and ligand binding to hydrophobic pockets. We use forward flux sampling, a molecular simulation technique, to compute the rate of capillary evaporation of water confined between two hydrophobic surfaces ...

We demonstrate real-time quantitative phase imaging as a new optical approach for measuring the evaporation dynamics of sessile microdroplets. Quantitative phase images of various droplets were captured during evaporation. The images enabled us to generate time-resolved three-dimensional topographic profiles of droplet shape with nanometer accuracy and, without any assumptions about droplet geo...

Non-equilibrium molecular dynamic (NEMD) simulations have been used to study heat and mass transfer across a vapor-liquid interface for a one-component system using a Lennard-Jones spline potential. It was confirmed that the relation between the surface tension and the surface temperature in the non-equilibrium system was the same as in equilibrium (local equilibrium). Interfacial transfer coef...

The nutrition of patients with extensive burns usually requires daily intakes of fats, proteins and carbohydrates with a total calorific value in excess of 4000 kcal together with supranormal amounts of water and various ions, mainly sodium. These calorie requirements by a patient confined to bed are approximately those required by a normal adult male performing hard manual work. Recognition of...

Alkane mixtures are model systems where the influence of surface tension gradients during the spreading and the evaporation of wetting drops can be easily studied. The surface tension gradients are mainly induced by concentration gradients, mass diffusion being a stabilising process. Depending on the relative concentration of the mixture, a rich pattern of behaviours is obtained. keywords Movin...