Environmental perturbations such as changes in land use, climate, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations may alter organic matter inputs to surface soils. While the carbon (C) cycle response to such perturbations has received considerable Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/sl0533-012-9793-l) contains supplementary material, which is availabl...

We propose an integral sliding surface for linear time-invariant implicit systems (descriptor systems). We show that, under reasonable assumptions (regularity, stabilizability) it is possible to design a stabilizing controller that compensates the matched perturbations exactly. Higher-order sliding motions are required since, for the solutions of the implicit system to be well defined, special ...

We have performed two sets of experiments looking at laser-driven radiating blast waves. In the first set of experiments the effect of a drive laser’s passage through a background gas on the hydrodynamical evolution of blast waves was examined. The laser’s passage heated a channel in the gas, creating a region where a portion of the blast wave front had an increased velocity, leading to the for...

We calculate the linearized metric perturbations in the five dimensional two-brane model of Randall and Sundrum. In a carefully chosen gauge, we write down and decouple Einstein equations for the perturbations and get the final and simple perturbative metric ansatz. This ansatz turns out to be equal to the linear expansion of the metric solution of Charmousis et al. [1]. We show that this ansat...

In this paper, a novel adaptive sliding mode control for rigid robot manipulators is proposed. In the proposed system, since there may exist explicit unknown parameters and perturbations, a Lyapunov based approach is presented to increase system robustness, even in presence of arbitrarily large (but not infinite) discontinuous perturbations. To control and track the robot, a continuous controll...

A physics-based graphic engine supporting interactive animations of free water surfaces at real-time is presented. The algorithm is based on a lattice-Boltzmann model of the shallow waters equations and the interaction between the surface and external objects is achieved by means of source terms. The engine is capable of produce scenes of ponds whose surface reacts to perturbations introduced b...

S U M M A R Y I calculate three-dimensional (3-D) sensitivity kernels of multimode surface wave observables in radially anisotropic earth media for perturbations in wave speeds αH, αV, βH, βV and η as well as in density ρ. The 3-D phase-delay and amplitude kernels are formulated based upon Born approximation in the framework of surface wave mode summation, fully accounting for cross-branch mode...

Small amplitude, long waves travelling over the surface of a current-carrying metal thin film are studied. The equation of motion for the metal surface is determined in the limit of high applied currents, when surface electromigration is the predominant cause of adatom motion. If the surface height h is independent of the transverse coordinate y, the equation of motion reduces to the Korteweg-d...

Optical phenomena supported by ordered and disordered chains of metal nano-particles on a metal surface are investigated by considering a particular example of gold nano-bumps on a gold surface. The TWs supported by these structures are analyzed by studying the frequency-wavenumber spectra of the fields excited by localized sources placed near the chain. Periodic nano-bump chains support travel...

Electron-electron interactions can induce Fermi surface deformations which break the point-group symmetry of the lattice structure of the system. In the vicinity of such a "Pomeranchuk instability" the Fermi surface is easily deformed by anisotropic perturbations, and exhibits enhanced collective fluctuations. We show that critical Fermi surface fluctuations near a d-wave Pomeranchuk instabilit...