objective: duplex ultrasonography is a non-invasive, non-expensive screening test for carotid disease. intima media thickness (imt) is appropriate for atherosclerosis process diagnosis. leukoaraisis (la) increase the risk of cerebrovascular accident (cva). la patients need preventive medication for cva. imt is a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic test in la. the aim of this study was evalua...

Surrogate reasoning is reasoning whose task is partially taken over by operations on external aids, such as sentences, diagrams, physical models, mathematical models, and computers. Drawing on the basic concepts in situation theory, we present a semi-formal model of surrogate reasoning. We claim that the relative advantages and disadvantages of different forms of surrogate reasoning can be expl...

a total of 153 samples of milk were collected from one to none months lactating mothers age 17 to 44 years. the protein, total nitrogen, fat, lactose and calcium content 0f these milks were determined. marked individual variation existed in the protein lactose and fat content of the milks, which was in agreement with finding of other investigators. a gradual decrease was noticed in the protein ...

The phenomenon of producing surrogate mother facilities has been recognized in some countries, although Indonesia indirectly prohibits the practice. practice is also feared to be a new form human trafficking. Therefore, this study aims evaluate opportunities for surrogacy legalization regarding its perspectives between rights and loophole In study, three problems were formulated: (1) legal stat...

background: depression is one of the most common and specific problems during pregnancy and after it. maternal postpartum depression compromises mothers’ health and affected social relationship and has negative effect on infant development.  the aimed of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and its related factors in isfahanian mothers. methods:this is a cross -...

1 Kernel-smoothed proper orthogonal decomposition (KSPOD)-based emulation for prediction of spatiotemporally evolving flow dynamics Yu-Hung Chang a,*, Liwei Zhang a,**, Xingjian Wang a,†, Shiang-Ting Yeh a,††, Simon Mak b,‡, Chih-Li Sung b,‡, C. F. Jeff Wu b, §, Vigor Yang a, ¶ a School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA b School of Industrial and ...

Surrogates which allow one to predict the effect of the treatment on the outcome of interest from the effect of the treatment on the surrogate are of importance when it is difficult or expensive to measure the primary outcome. Unfortunately, the use of such surrogates can give rise to paradoxical situations in which the effect of the treatment on the surrogate is positive, the surrogate and out...

Currently surrogate data analysis can be used to determine if data is consistent with various linear systems, or something else (a nonlinear system). In this paper we propose an extension of these methods in an attempt to make more specific classifications within the class of nonlinear systems. In the method of surrogate data one estimates the probability distribution of values of a test statis...