BACKGROUND Triple-reassortant (tr) viruses of human, avian, and swine origin, including H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes, emerged in North American swine herds in 1998 and have become predominant. While sporadic human infections with classical influenza A (H1N1) and with tr-swine influenza viruses have been reported, relatively few have been documented in occupationally exposed swine workers (SW)....

The Smith-Waterman (SW) algorithm has been widely utilized for searching biological sequence databases in bioinformatics. Recently, several works have adopted the graphic card with Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) and their associated CUDA model to enhance the performance of SW computations. However, these works mainly focused on the protein database search by using the intertask parallelization...

We consider Slepian-Wolf (SW) coding of multiple sources and extend the packing bound and the notion of perfect code from conventional channel coding to SW coding with more than two sources. We then introduce Hamming Codes for Multiple Sources (HCMSs) as a potential solution of perfect SW coding for arbitrary number of terminals. Moreover, we study the case with three sources in detail. We pres...

We revisit the exact Seiberg-Witten (SW) map on Dirac-Born-Infeld actions, making a connection with the deformation quantization scheme. The picture on field dependent induced gravity from noncommutativity becomes more transparent in the context of deformation quantization. We also find an exact SW map for an adjoint scalar field, consistent with that deduced from RR couplings of unstable non-B...

The present study compares developmental changes in plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and cortisol, and mRNA levels of their receptors and the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the gill of anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon during the spring parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) period and following four days and one month seawater (SW) acclimatio...

Few genes are available to develop drought-tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. One way to enhance bread wheat's genetic diversity would be to take advantage of the diversity of wild species by creating synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW) with the genomic constitution of bread wheat. In this study, we compared the expression of traits encoded at different ploidy levels and evaluate...

To examine the effects of ingested snakeweed foliage (SW) on male fertility and reproduction, SW collected at prebloom stage was dried, ground, and mixed with ground commercial rat feed (CRF) as 0, 12.5, and 25% of total diets. Male rats fed SW for 20 d impregnated females as successfully as did dietary controls, but males fed 12.5 or 25% SW for 40 d had seemingly impaired fertility and apparen...

Semantic Web (SW), commonly regarded as the next generation of the Web, is an emerging vision of the new Web from the Knowledge Representation and the Web communities. The Formal Methods community can also play an important role to contribute to SW development. Reasoning and consistency checking can be useful at many stages during the design, maintenance and deployment of SW ontology. However t...

Element concentrations were measured by X-ray microanalysis in seawater (SW) compartments and mucocytes in bulk, frozen-hydrated preparations of the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis. Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of polyps sampled in the daytime revealed that concentrations of the elements Na, S, K and Ca were all significantly higher in a thin (10-20 micro m) external SW layer adjac...

Gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed to investigate the geometry, electronic property, formation energy, and reactivity of Stone-Wales (SW) defects in zigzag-edge and armchair-edge boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs). The formation energies of SW defects increase with an increase in the widths of BNNRs and are orientation-dependent. SW defects considerabl...