We present the first cladistic study of the largely tropical family Sapotaceae based on both morphological and molecular data. The data were analyzed with standard parsimony and parsimony jackknife algorithms using equally and successive weighted characters. Sapotaceae are confirmed to constitute two main evolutionary lineages corresponding to the tribes Isonandreae-MimusopeaeSideroxyleae and C...

â  background hirschsprung’s disease (hd) is a congenital disease in which intesâ­tinal ganglionic cells are absent, leading to intestinal obstruction. the disease has various clinical manifestations and different lengths of bowel may be involved. our aim was to study hirschsprung’s clinical presentations and its rate of intestinal involvement in hospitalized patients in a six year course s...

to access the surgical progress of patients with long segment aganglionosis and long-term evaluation. during the past 15 years, we reviewed the therapy and outcome of 15 patients with long-segment agangelionosis (lsa) in mofid children's hospital. 2 with agangelionosis to the midtransvers colon (mta(, 8 to the ascendant and cecum (a/ca), 4 with total colonic and distal ileum involvement (tca), ...

Lam R, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-223185 Description A 72-year-old woman presented to the hospital with 3 days of emesis, anorexia and generalised fatigue without any report of chest pain. Her physical examination was significant for mild confusion and bright red blood per rectum. On presentation she had bilateral lower extremity weakness, but was able to move both lower ext...

Axillary lymph node dissection represents the standard surgical treatment for breast cancer patients with clinically or histologically involved axillary lymph nodes. However, it is associated with significant morbidity, including postoperative arm lymphedema and neuropathy of the involved extremity, and seroma formation in the axilla (Noguchi et al., 1997). Particularly, arm lymphedema develops...

GREGOIRE, P. E. J. 1985. Behavior of family and other social groups in wintering and migrating Lesser Snow Geese. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. HARAMIS, G. M., J. D. NICHOLS, K. H. POLLACK, AND J. E. HINES. 1986. The relationship between body mass and survival of wintering Canvasbacks. Auk 103:506-514. HEPP, G. R., R. J. BLOHM, R. E. REYNOLDS, J. E. HINES, AND J. D. NI...

When considering the type and optimum time of treatment of such conditions as ano-rectal anomalies and Hirschsprung's disease in infancy, the choice usually lies between early definitive surgery, or a colostomy with postponement of the definitive surgery till the infant has reached a reasonable size. Often a decision in favour of colostomy is influenced by the widely held belief that this is a ...

For many years, the major clinical goals of anti-HIV therapy were, at best, to control viral replication, prevent progression of the disease, and decrease the death toll of advanced disease caused by resistant viruses (DHHS, 2015). Since the beginning of therapeutic era, resistance has been a major contributor to the failure of anti-HIV therapy and disease progression. Today, many advances have...

Fibrocystic disease of the pancreas was first described by Landsteiner in 1905, and it is of interest, that intestinal obstruction was one of the features of his case. Since then, and particularly in the past two decades, many well authenticated cases have been described. Andersen (1938), described three clinicalsyndromes as being associated with essentially the same pathological lesion in the ...