While emissions of pollutants from conventional sources, such as industrial and thermal processes, have been in decline over the last two decades, fires have become major sources for the emission of several contaminants. This review summarises chemical mechanisms pertinent to the formation of prominent pollutants, such as NOx, HCN, HCl, soot, and trace species, such as PCDD/Fs (dioxins). We com...

On the last years engine researchers has been focused on improving engine efficiency in order to decrease CO2 emissions and fuel consumption, while fulfilling the increasingly stringent pollutant emissions regulations. In this framework, engine downsizing arises as a promising solution, and 2-stroke cycle operation offers the possibility of reducing the number of cylinders without incurring in ...

This study investigates how high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with certain fuel injection strategies and energy recovery systems affect diesel engine emissions and fuel economy. The key test apparatus was a John Deere 4.5L diesel engine which was modeled using the computer-based engine simulation tool GT-Power. The conclusion was made that utilization of high EGR levels (3...

UNLABELLED With the capability to improve indoor air quality while simultaneously reducing energy demand, displacement ventilation is becoming popular. However, the numerical simulation of air distribution in an indoor space with displacement ventilation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is challenging because of the complexity of air diffuser geometry and the complicated airflow pattern...

There are many industrial pollutants produced from coal fired power generation plants. Recent legislation is pushing to reduce these emissions. Greenhouse gasses as well as nitrous oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are the targeted pollutants. Governmental legislation outlined by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) guideline is a ma...

In order to directly control the premixed combustion phasing, a Jet Controlled Compression Ignition (JCCI) for diesel premixed compression ignition systems is investigated. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder natural aspirated diesel engine without EGR at 3000 rpm. Numerical models were validated by load sweep experiments at fixed spark timing. Detailed combustion characteristics we...

In fire models, the accurate prediction of aerosol & soot concentrations in the gas phase and aerosol & soot deposition thicknesses in the condensed phase is important for a wide range of applications, including human egress calculations, heat transfer in compartment fires, and forensic reconstructions of fires. During a fire, in addition to soot transport by advection and diffusion, a signific...

A pressure-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is employed to calculate the flow field and rotordynamic forces in a whirling, grooved liquid annular seal. To validate the capabilities of the CFD code for this class of problems, comparisons of basic fluid dynamic parameters are made to three-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measurements for a spinning, centered grooved seal. ...