A new way of magnetization switching employing both the spin-transfer torque and the torque by a magnetic field is proposed. The solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation shows that the dynamics of the magnetization in the initial stage of the switching is similar to that in the precessional switching, while that in the final stage is rather similar to the relaxing switching. We call the...

The effect of iontophoresis and switching iontophoresis on the skin accumulation of drugs was investigated. An acrylic diffusion cell mounted with electrode cells (bore: 2.2 cm) with circular platinum electrodes (diameter: 2.0 cm) was used for the skin accumulation study. The skin accumulation of fluorescein after non-switching and switching iontophoresis was macroscopically compared with that ...

This paper presents multi-step capacitor switching methods for SAR ADCs based on precharge with floating capacitors and charge sharing. The proposed switching methods further reduce the transient power of the split monotonic switching method (an improved version of the monotonic switching method). Compared to the split monotonic switching, adding charge sharing achieves around 50% reduction in ...

A novel topology for a soft-switching buck dc– dc converter with a coupled inductor is proposed. The soft-switching buck converter has advantages over the traditional hardswitching converters. The most significant advantage is that it offers a lower switching loss. This converter operates under a zero-current switching condition at turn on and a zero-voltage switching condition at turn off. It ...

This paper covers new optical packet switching router technologies, system architectures, and the future photonic Internet. In particular, we will discuss all-optical label switching routers scalable to 42 Petabit/sec switching capacity, experimental demonstrations of 11 hop cascaded operation, and a 477 km fiber link field trial. Introduction Optical packet switching routers allow integration ...

All-optical switching is the foundation of emerging all-optical (terabit-per-second) networks and processors. All-optical switching has attracted considerable attention, but it must ultimately support operation with femtojoule switching energies and femtosecond switching times to be effective. Here we introduce an all-optical switch architecture in the form of a dielectric sphere that focuses a...

We study the dynamics of the switching process in a magnetic tunnel junction composed of 5 layers with the magnetization of the two side layers fixed. The magnetization of the middle free layer can be switched between the two stable configurations by passing the current through the tunnel junction in a certain direction. The dependence of the switching time on the parameters of the penta-layer ...

Based on measurements of a prototype, we identify hardware requirements for improving the performance of hybrid electrical-packet-switched/optical-circuit-switched data center networks. OCIS codes: (200.4650) Optical interconnects; (200.6715) Switching; (060.4253) Networks, circuit-switched