Two phenomena can produce chattering: switching of input control signal and the large amplitude of this switching (switching gain). To remove the switching of input control signal, dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) is used. In DSMC switching is removed due to the integrator which is placed before the plant. However, in DSMC the augmented system (system plus the integrator) is one dimension bi...

This application example describes how Motion Control applications with the output stages for servo, DC and stepper motors by Beckhoff are optimized by the utilization of buffer capacitors. The buffer capacitor terminals EL9570 for EtherCAT and KL9570 for K-Bus stabilize the voltage supply by absorbing the fed back energy and dumping the energy that the buffer capacitor cannot protect against i...

This paper was presented as a summary tutorial aimed at the French-speaking Canadian community to solicit their comments on the development of the IEEE Std 587 Guide. The paper has been translated into English by the author to make the English-speaking community aware of that paper, which served at that time as one output for the release of the extensive test results that were reported in the 3...

Traditionally, the protection of power transformers has been relegated to the application of transformer differential and backup overcurrent relays to provide shortcircuit protection. With the advent of modern multifunction transformer packages, differential and overcurrent protection are only two of many protective and logic functions that can be incorporated into the transformer protection pa...

A first-principles-based charge-discharge model was developed to simulate the capacity fade of Li-ion batteries. The model is based on the loss of active lithium ions due to solvent reduction reaction and on the rise of the anode film resistance. The effect of parameters such as exchange current density, depth of discharge ~DOD!, end of charge voltage, film resistance, and the overvoltage of pa...

A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM fabricated and characterized. The SiPM was (Separation of Absorption, Charge and Multipl which was optimized for blue light detection positron emission tomography (PET). The achieved high geometric fill factor of 64% and a low brea about 22V, while the temperature dependence of b is only 17mV/°C. The gain and photon detection device achieved were also measured un...

Ferroresonance is a special case of disturbance that involves high levels of overvoltage and overcurrents distortion. This phenomenon can severely affect voltage transformers and its consequences can be catastrophic. This paper analyses different practical solutions against ferroresonance phenomenon in voltage transformers, highlighting the current development of ferroresonance detection techni...

The computation program of the transient recovery voltages that appears across the terminals of a circuit breaker, after the low inductive current has been interrupted at the disconnecting no load high voltage transformers, using the routines set developed in Matlab is presented. The computation algorithm is based on the peculiarities of operation of the transformer. The computation program has...