Background: Esophagectomy is considered to be the main treatment for esophageal malignancies. Among the different methods, transhiatal approach can cause less damage to patients and is widely used however, manipulation of esophagus result in heart rate and blood pressure variations. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm during transhiatal esophagect...

As we have seen in other chapters, the operation and performance of various receiver functions can be quite sensitive to knowledge of the timing (data transition epochs) of the received data symbols. Thus, the ability to accurately estimate this parameter and continuously update the estimate, i.e., perform symbol synchronization (sync), with little knowledge of other parameters is critical to s...

Symbol Grounding has originated in the domain of cognitive connectionism as an approach to a model of language acquisition.It has, however, transcended this restricted domain and its most prominent proponents now regard it as a technique which is of general importance to the connectionist-symbolic debate, especially for their integration into a common framework. This paper revisits the claims m...

Modular programming has become widely adopted due to the benefits it provides in code reuse and for structuring data flow between program components. A tightly related concept is the principle of information hiding that allows concealing the concrete implementation details behind a well-defined interface and thus allows for cleaner abstractions. In different programming languages these concepts...