Large quantities of metabolic profiling data are being gathered intensively in the rapidly growing field of Metabolomics. However, such data, in order to provide knowledge, must be machine-explored by robust methods that deal with complexity and uncertainty. Symbolic machine learning methods have the power to model structural and relational complexity while statistical machine learning ones pro...

There is no universal measure of complexity. When the problem under study leads to description by means of symbolic sequences, formal language theory may provide a convenient framework for analysis. In this review we concentrate on a special class of languages, namely, factorizable languages to be defined later, which occur in many problems of dynamics and biology. In dynamics we have in mind s...

This article is the second in a two-part series. It presents an integrated overview of the construct of play and its development in infants, toddlers, and young children. The author describes developmental levels of play ranging from early sensorimotor– exploratory to symbolic play involving complex and planned multischeme sequences. In addition, functional components of symbolic play—agent, in...

We consider the problem of how to plan efficiently in low-level, continuous state spaces with temporally abstract actions (or skills), by constructing abstract representations of the problem suitable for task-level planning. The central question this effort poses is which abstract representations are required to express and evaluate plans composed of sequences of skills. We show that classifier...

The object of study of symbolic dynamics are discrete dynamical systems made of infinite sequences of symbols, with the shift acting on them. They come as codings of trajectories of points in a dynamical system according to a given partition. They are used as discretization tools for analyzing such trajectories, but they also occur in a natural way in arithmetics for instance. We first will rec...

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has included symbolic aspects. The fundamental question of the article is that, what are the symbolic aspects of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and why the Islamic Republic of Iran has used these features to influence Islamic countries? Since the bearers of the word and the symbolic goods have the most legitimacy in social and political fields, this revolution has...

Situated cognition research rejects the hypothesis that neurological structures and processes are similar in kind to the symbols we create and use in our everyday lives. The symbolic approach, as described by Vera and Simon (1993), conflates neurological stmctures and processes with physical representations that we perceive and manipulate in our environment (e.g., a journal article) and experie...

The choice of an appropriate representation remains crucial for mining time series, particularly to reach a good trade-o between the dimensionality reduction and the stored information. Symbolic representations constitute a simple way of reducing the dimensionality by turning time series into sequences of symbols. SAXO is a data-driven symbolic representation of time series which encodes typica...

In this paper, we focus on the rhythmic component of symbolic music similarity, proposing several ways to extract a monophonic rhythmic signature from a symbolic polyphonic score. To go beyond the simple extraction of all time intervals between onsets (noteson extraction), we select notes according to their length (short and long extractions) or their intensities (intensity+/− extractions). Onc...

This paper presents a formal verification method based on logic simulation. In our method, using symbolic values even circuits which include data paths can be verified without abstruction of data paths. Our verifier extracts a transition relation from the state graph (given as a specification) which is expressed using symbolic values, and verifies based on simulation using those symbolic values...