An equitable risk allocation between contracting parties plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of the project. This research presents a new quantitative risk allocation approach by integrating fuzzy logic and bargaining game theory. Owing to the imprecise and uncertain nature of players’ payoffs at different risk allocation strategies, fuzzy logic is implemented to determine the value...

In this paper we study generalized symmetric Berwald spaces. We show that if a Berwald space $(M,F)$ admits a parallel $s-$structure then it is locally symmetric. For a complete Berwald space which admits a parallel s-structure we show that if the flag curvature of $(M,F)$ is everywhere nonzero, then $F$ is Riemannian.

let $gamma(s_n)$ be the minimum number of proper subgroups‎ ‎$h_i, i=1‎, ‎dots‎, ‎l $ of the symmetric group $s_n$ such that each element in $s_n$‎ ‎lies in some conjugate of one of the $h_i.$ in this paper we‎ ‎conjecture that $$gamma(s_n)=frac{n}{2}left(1-frac{1}{p_1}right)‎ ‎left(1-frac{1}{p_2}right)+2,$$ where $p_1,p_2$ are the two smallest primes‎ ‎in the factorization of $ninmathbb{n}$ an...

Many natural proteins self-assemble, either to fulfill their biological function or as part of a pathogenic process. Biological assembly phenomena such as amyloidogenesis, domain swapping and symmetric oligomerization are inspiring new strategies for designing proteins that self-assemble to form supramolecular complexes. Recent advances include the design of novel proteins that assemble into fi...

We have demonstrated that a hybrid laser array, combining graded-photonic-heterostructure terahertz semiconductor lasers with a ring resonator, allows the relative phase (either symmetric or anti-symmetric) between the sources to be fixed by design. We have successfully phase-locked up to five separate lasers. Compared with a single device, we achieved a clear narrowing of the output beam profile.

high temperatures are often encountered in almost all of the combustion systems, therefore, thermal radiation heat transfer can influence the droplets heat up rate and consequently their life time. in this paper, the effect of thermal radiation heat transfer is investigated for two cases of directional and spherically symmetric illuminations. the flow and temperature fields insdie and outside o...