context inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (mtc) is an uncommon and medically challenging malignancy. even if the extent of initial surgery is deemed adequate, the recurrence rate remains high, up to 50% in most series. measurement of serum calcitonin is important in the follow-up of patients with mtc, and reliably reflects the existence of the disease. evidence acquisition there i...

In the normal goldfish, optic axons are distributed between the two arms (brachia) of each optic tract, in such a way that each axon enters the tectum close to its retinotopic termination site. We have shown previously that regenerating axons at first express little or no preference for their normal brachium. Later, however, a partial refinement of the brachial pathway takes place, implying tha...

Isatins, derivatives of indole, represent important class of compounds belonging to nitrogen heterocycles. These compounds comprise synthetically vital substrates that are used as precursors for drug synthesis and raw materials for heterocycles etc. Research in this group of compounds has engrossed interest among scientific community in recent and past as Isatins are known to possess immense bi...

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of basic inorganic layered compounds, which widely used in the fields adsorption and catalysis owing to their unique structure properties. In previous studies, costly soluble Al salts or Al(OH)3 were as sources for synthesis MgAl LDH. The present work proposes facile one-pot method synthesize LDH water bath with MgO MK precursors, both obtained from a...

Bacteriophage phi6 has a segmented double-stranded RNA genome. The genomic single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) precursors are packaged into a preformed protein capsid, the polymerase complex, composed of viral proteins P1, P2, P4, and P7. Packaging of the genomic precursors is an energy-dependent process requiring nucleoside triphosphates. Protein P4, a nonspecific nucleoside triphosphatase, has previo...

The importance of polyamines (PAs) for the central nervous system (CNS) is well known. Less clear, however, where PAs in brain are derived from. Principally, there three possibilities: (i) intake by nutrition, release into bloodstream, and subsequent uptake from CNS capillaries, (ii) production parenchymatous organs, such as liver, again (iii) precursors, arginine, blood local biosynthesis with...

In this article we show synthetic pathways to [6.8](n)cyclacenes demonstrated by the de novo synthesis of [6.8](3)cyclacene as the first purely hydrocarbon cyclacene and of precursors for [6.8](4)cyclacene. The design of the de novo synthesis by exploring alternative pathways is discussed and various precursors are shown. Crucial to the synthesis of [6.8](3)cyclacene were two cyclization steps....