Previous studies have shown the effects of vitamins on development mammary gland. However, role niacin in this process has not been reported. Therefore, aim study is to investigate gland pubertal mice and use a mouse epithelial cell line underlying mechanism. The results showed that could activate AKT/mTOR ERK signaling pathways increase phosphorylation 4EBP1 promote synthesis proliferation mar...

There is need to develop simple, efficient & economically viable chemical pathways to synthesise biologically active & commercially important heterocyclic Bis(indolyl) methanes1.The indole ring is an important constituent of many natural products, pharmaceuticals & other compounds of commercial importantance2. The literature survey shows that Bis(indolyl) methanes are know...

BACKGROUND Stigma associated with mental illness can delay or prevent help-seeking and service contact. Stigma-related influences on pathways to care in the early stages of psychotic disorders have not been systematically examined. METHOD This review systematically assessed findings from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research studies on the relationship between stigma and pathwa...

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a major source of genome instability, are often repaired through homologous recombination pathways. Models for these pathways have been proposed, but the precise mechanisms and the rules governing their use remain unclear. In Drosophila, the synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) model can explain most DSB repair. To investigate SDSA, we induced DSBs by exc...

H(3) autoreceptors provide feedback control of neurotransmitter synthesis in histaminergic neurons, but the transduction pathways involved are poorly understood. In rat brain cortical slices, histamine synthesis can be stimulated by depolarization and inhibited by H(3) agonists. We show that histamine synthesis stimulation by depolarization with 30 mM K(+) requires extracellular calcium entry, ...

A new method is presented on how to calculate molecular complexity for chemical reactions by the fractal dimension of educts and products. Two pathways total synthesis strychnine were compared. Significant differences in two reflected reaction complexity. These results demonstrate that a powerful measure group beyond substructural changes.

The congenital sideroblastic anemias (CSAs) are an uncommon, diverse class of inherited hematopoietic disorders characterized by pathological deposition of iron in the mitochondria of erythroid precursors. In recent years, the genetic causes of several clinically distinctive forms of CSA have been elucidated, which has revealed common themes in their pathogenesis. In particular, most, if not al...

We described two orthogonal heterocycle syntheses, where an arene bearing both an alkyne and a triazene functionality underwent two distinct cyclization pathways mediated by different transition metals. Starting from the same substrates, a synthesis of 2H-indazole was accomplished by a Cu(II) salt promoted oxidative cyclization, while 2-substituted indoles could be accessed via a Ag(I) salt med...

personalized medicine is a set of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in which medical interventions are carried out based on individual patient characteristics. as life expectancy increases in developed and developing countries, the incidence of diseases such as cancer goes up among people in the community. cancer is a disease that the response to treatment varies from one person...