The selective action that steroid hormones and the hormones for the other nuclear receptors have in different tissues and on different responses is well known. In fact, this recognized selectivity forms the basis for major efforts, currently underway in the pharmaceutical industry and at universities, toward the development of new, synthetic hormones whose profile of desired activities is optim...

The impact of sex steroids on the cardiovascular system is of considerable importance and a potential area for therapeutic intervention. In general, animal and human studies of the vascular effects of sex hormones have suggested that oestrogen is beneficial, certain progestins may negate these effects and androgens may be potentially deleterious. In this issue of Clinical Science, Tejera et al....

Stress is known to suppress immune function and increase susceptibility to infections and cancer. Paradoxically, stress is also known to exacerbate asthma, and allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, although such diseases should be ameliorated by immunosuppression. Moreover, the short-term fight-or-flight stress response is one of nature's fundamental defense mechanisms that enables th...

The physiological functions of nitric oxide (II) are diverse, and its therapeutic uses continue to expand. Many methods have been found regulate the production this compound, both physiological, regulated by body itself, as a result various, drug non-drug, external influences, correcting ability cells, organs tissues produce (II). estrophan (synthetic prostaglandin PGF2α) has an activating effe...

the occurrence of trace organics such as pesticides, pharmaceutically active compounds, natural and synthetic hormones as well as varous industrial compounds in the aquatic environment is of great concern due to their potential adverse effects on human health and those of other biota. Therefore, the removal of these compounds from wastewater is an important consideration to ensure safe drinking...

Before the middle of XX century treatment of hypothyroidism implied prescription to the patients animals’ thyroid extracts, containing both, thyroxine and triiodothyronine [Oppenheimer JH, 1995]. Those drugs, in which it was almost impossible to measure the dose of thyroid hormones precisely, could not adequately provide euthyroidism. Moreover, it was rather difficult to prescribe proper doses....

1. Four patients with active Paget’s disease were given acute injections of a synthetic calcitonin. The calcium lowering effect of human and porcine calcitonin was compared in two patients, and the human and salmon hormone in the other two patients. 2. All three hormones were effective in lowering the plasma calcium, but weight for weight salmon calcitonin was the most potent. Thus salmon calci...

Signalling through mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) is important in controlling many cell functions, including protein synthesis, which it activates. mTORC1 signalling is activated by stimuli which promote protein accumulation such as anabolic hormones, growth factors and hypertrophic stimuli. mTORC1 signalling regulates several components of the protein synthetic machinery, inc...

1. The effects on renal electrolyte excretion of human and salmon synthetic calcitonins were studied in the rat. 2. As little as 50 ng of salmon calcitonin produced an increase in sodium excretion, but human calcitonin in doses up to 15 pg had only a slight effect. 3. Small doses of both hormones decreased urinary calcium and magnesium. Larger doses of salmon calcitonin produced less depression...

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) reveals 3.7% prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population [1]. 10.3 million People or 4.6% of those surveyed reported use of thyroid hormones (levothyroxine, liothyronine, or desiccated thyroid) [1]. Desiccated Thyroid Extract (DTE) of animal origin has been used to treat hypothyroidism since 1892 [2,3]. Sev...