A frequently debated question for studies involving the measurement of stress hormones in rodents is the optimal method for collecting blood with minimal stress to the animal. Some investigators prefer the implantation of indwelling catheters to allow for frequent sampling. Others argue that the implantation of a catheter creates a chronic stress to the animal that confounds stress hormone meas...

Bioluminescence is primarily a marine phenomenon with 80% of metazoan bioluminescent genera occurring in the world's oceans. Here we show that bioluminescence has evolved repeatedly and is phylogenetically widespread across ray-finned fishes. We recover 27 independent evolutionary events of bioluminescence, all among marine fish lineages. This finding indicates that bioluminescence has evolved ...

Photoplethysmography is used in various areas such as vital sign measurement, vascular characteristics analysis, and autonomic nervous system assessment. Photoplethysmographic signals are composed of ac and dc, but it is difficult to find research about the interaction of photoplethysmographic components. This study suggested a model equation combining two Lambert-Beer equations at the onset an...

This work presents a simple method to generate ordered chromophore/dispersant nanoarrays through a pore-filling process for a nanoporous polymer template to enhance chromophore luminescence. Fluorescence results combining with the morphological evolution examined by scanning probe microscopy reveal that the enhanced luminescence intensity reaches the maximum intensity as the nanopores of the te...

A new composite film based on calcined layered rare earth hydroxides and poly(vinyl alcohol) shows a visible light transmittance comparable to that of the pure matrix, highly reinforced mechanical strength as well as tunable photoluminescence in rolled and folded shapes.

objective(s): in this study, the effects of chronic administration of crocin, an active constituent of saffron, on blood pressures of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate (doca) - salt induced hypertensive rats, were investigated.   materials and methods: five week administration of three doses of crocin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and spironolactone (50 mg/kg/day) in different groups ...

Probability-based distributions might be able to explain risk exposure well. Usually, one number, or at the very least, a limited number of numbers called key indicators (KRIs), are used describe level exposure. These values, which undeniably outcome specific model, frequently referred as essential critical indicators. Five indicators, including value-at-risk, tail variance, tail-value-at-risk,...

Based on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution measurements we have observed cases when fluxes of oxygen ions escaping Martian ionosphere exceed their median values by more than a factor 100. In tail very high energetic (E > 30 eV) fill plasma sheet which then becomes much broader under conditions with ion fluxes. We analyzed occurrence such events in upper near terminator plane, is main s...