We introduce the polynomial-time tree reducibility (ptt-reducibility). Our main result states that for languages B and C it holds that B ptt-reduces to C if and only if the unbalanced leaf-language class of B is robustly contained in the unbalanced leaf-language class of C. This is the unbalanced analogue of the well-known result by Bovet, Crescenzi, Silvestri, and Vereshchagin which connects p...

Background and Aim: Tumor Necrose Factor-alpha (TNF-α) changes by REM sleep deprivation. Some believe that TNF-α is a biomarker in the deprivation of REM sleep. The patients with insomnia could be better after using Anti TNF-α or Infliximab (IFX), on the other hand, IFX effects on Patient Tolerance Threshold (PTT). Trying to manage the hospital inpatients’ pain is one of the common aims special...

We present a theoretical analysis of the processes of pattern formation that involves organisms distribution and their interaction of spatially distributed population with selfas well as crossdiffusion in a Holling-Tanner predator-prey model; the sufficient conditions for the Turing instability with zero-flux boundary conditions are obtained; Hopf and Turing bifurcation in a spatial domain is p...

For wide range of parameters, we study traveling waves in a diffusive version of the Holling-Tanner predator-prey model from population dynamics. Fronts are constructed using geometric singular perturbation theory and the theory of rotated vector fields. We focus on the appearance of the fronts in various singular limits. In addition, periodic traveling waves of relaxation oscillation type are ...

This paper researches the accuracy of the Differential Transformation Method (DTM) for solving the Holling Tanner models which are described as two-dimensional system of ODES with quadratic and rational nonlinearities. Numerical results are compared to those obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to illustrate the preciseness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The direct symboli...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Treatment modalities, such as hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been used in the treatment of a variety of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), either alone or as an adjuvant therapy. Macrophages loaded with gold nanoshells, which convert near-infrared light to heat, can be used as transport vectors for photothermal hyperthermia of tumors. The p...

Background: Sleep is essential for everyone and is important for normal human functioning. Lack of sleep, called sleep deprivation, is a condition leading to poor sport training and achievements. Different factors contribute to sleep deprivation in athletes. Respiratory sleep disorders as Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are factors that rebound most to ...

Many tumor-targeted strategies have been used worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), etc. Biophotonic therapy modalities comprise very promising alternative techniques for cancer treatment with minimal invasiveness and side-effects. These modalities use light e.g., laser irradiation in an extracorporeal or intrave...

In recent years, penile traction therapy (PTT) has gained considerable interest as a novel nonsurgical treatment option for men with Peyronie's disease (PD) and short penises. The current published literature suggests that selected cases of PD may benefit from a conservative approach with PTT, resulting in increased penile length and reduction of penile deformity. It appears to be safe and well...