BACKGROUND Historically, metastatic colorectal carcinoma was regarded as a tumor that is relatively resistant to cytotoxic-agents. Due to the limited number of treatment options, methods have been investigated to enhance selectivity. One method for enhancing selectivity is anatomical targeting, including hepatic arterial infusion (HAI). METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature. RESU...

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) moderately prolongs the survival of patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular targeted therapy (MTT) may improve the efficacy of TACE. However, the findings of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of a combination of TACE and MTT are conflicting. We hypothesized that this disparity can be prevented using alternative study desi...

From Coley's toxin to combination immune checkpoint inhibition, strategies to activate the immune system and generate anticancer immunity have been ongoing for well over a century. Over the past decade, the so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors, generally monoclonal antibodies that target key regulators of T-cell activation, emerged as the most effective immune-targeted agents. Pembrolizumab i...