Since the Reform and Open Door Policy Initiative launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the Chinese government gradually undertook the open door policy towards foreign direct investment (FDI). First, the government created Special Enterprise Zones (SEZ) in the selected coast cities. A set of preferential treatment is granted to the foreign enterprises invited in SEZs with a restriction on the trans...

medical imaging has a remarkable role in the practice of clinical medicine. this study intends to evaluate the knowledge of indications of five common medical imaging modalities and estimation of the imposed cost of their non-indicated requests among medical students who attend shiraz university of medical sciences, shiraz, iran. we conducted across-sectional survey using a self-administered qu...

ÿWe investigate how the superiority of the optimal subsidy or tariff in an international Cournot oligopoly depends on the production technology used in the industry, an interesting issue that has not been analyzed in the literature. We establish that the welfare superiority of the optimal subsidy or tariff depends on the relative steepness of the firms’ common marginal cost curve: when it is re...

Recent research on the importance of the antebellum tariff for the survival of the American cotton textile industry has come into highly conflicting conclusions. By examining both the British and American experiences throughout the period, we find that both extreme conclusions are potentially misleading. Our results suggest that both the quality composition of imports from Great Britain and the...

This paper studies the impacts of several tariff reduction formulas on market access to US and EU agricultural markets. The two main instruments for the definition of market access are tariffs and TRQs. A liberalization of these policy instruments does not automatically improve import opportunities as this depends on the interaction of MFN tariff cuts, and developments of domestic supply and de...

Using conŽ dential Ž rm-level panel data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, we examine how the bilateral trade  ows of U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) and their Canadian afŽ liates responded to U.S.-Canadian tariff reductions from 1983 to 1992. We Ž nd that Canadian afŽ liate sales to the United States are negatively correlated with Canadian tariffs, but U.S. parent sales to Canadian...

Child Labor and Trade Liberalization in Indonesia We examine the effects of trade liberalization on child work in Indonesia. Our estimation strategy identifies geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through district level exposure to reduction in import tariff barriers. We use a balanced panel of 261 districts, based on four rounds (1993 to 2002) of the Indonesian annual nation...