Following the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, electric utilities dramatically increased their utilization of low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB). Recent studies indicate that railroads hauling PRB coal exercise a substantial degree of market power and that relative price changes in the mining and transportation sectors were contributing factors to the observed pattern of in...

A series of laboratory experiments has been performed to investigate the role of sulfur ion implantation on the differences in the reflectivity of Europa's "leading" and "trailing" hemispheres in the UV and visible. The lower reflectivity of Europa's trailing hemisphere at around 0.28 /xm can be attributed to a SO band which is caused by either the implantation of sulfur ions from Jupiter's mag...

When subject to illumination, tetrathionate ion decomposes in an oscillatory fashion with a period of about 1 h to yield products identified as colloidal sulfur and trithionate ion. This system represents the first experimental example of a stirred, batch photochemical oscillator. A simple model consisting of four reaction steps and four adjustable rate parameters gives good agreement with the ...

The addition of elemental sulfur to the fermentation of Streptomyces sioyaensis in a soybean meal medium resulted in a three- to fourfold increase of siomycin. Further experiments on the effect of elemental sulfur during fermentation suggest that one of the key steps stimulating siomycin synthesis is the utilization of thiosulfate, which accumulates in the medium as the result of the oxidation ...

Bis(sulfurdiimido)tin compounds of the type R2Sn[(NSN)'Bu]2 [R = Me (2a), Et (2b)] re­ act with triethylborane Et^B by rearrangement and N-ethylation to give the novel aminoborane derivatives R2Sn[N('Bu)SN(Et)BEt2]2 (5a, b), in the same way as "Bu3Sn(NSN)'Bu (1) reacts with Et.̂ B to give "Bu3Sn[N('Bu)SN(Et)BEt2] (4). In contrast, 2c (R = 'Bu) and tris(sulfurdiimido)tin compounds RSn[(NSN)'Bu]3 ...

Five sublacustrine thermal spring locations from 1 to 109 m water depth in Yellowstone Lake were surveyed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in relation to their chemical composition and dark CO(2) fixation rates. They harbor distinct chemosynthetic bacterial communities, depending on temperature (16-110°C) and electron donor supply (H(2)S <1 to >100 μM; NH(3) <0.5 to >10 μM). Members of the ...

Studies directed toward the oxidative and reductive desulfurization of readily available 2'-S-aryl-2'-thiouridine derivatives were investigated with the prospect to functionalize the C2'-position of nucleosides. The oxidative desulfurization-difluorination strategy was successful on 2-(arylthio)alkanoate surrogates, while extension of the combination of oxidants and fluoride sources was not an ...

Airborne measurements of the effluents from the St. Augustine volcano obtained during a 10-day period of activity showed that aerosol was ejected at the rate of about 10(5) kilograms per second during brief eruptions (3 to 8 minutes). Steadier emissions contained much more water vapor and gaseous sulfur but less aerosol mass. A nuée ardente (glowing avalanche) produced by one eruption reached a...

The green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is capable of sustained H(2) photoproduction when grown under sulfur-deprived conditions. This phenomenon is a result of the partial deactivation of photosynthetic O(2)-evolution activity in response to sulfur deprivation. At these reduced rates of water-oxidation, oxidative respiration under continuous illumination can establish an anaerobic environme...

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(12)ClNTe, contains isolated mol-ecules with no close Te⋯Cl inter-molecular contacts and has the same composition as a previously published structure [Engman et al. (2004 ▶). Phospho-rus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem.179, 285-292]. However, in this case, the compound has crystallized in a centrosymmetric space group, unlike the previously published...