A b s t r a c ~ 1 Key enzymes of oxldahve metabohsm were assayed m cell-free extracts of the anaerobic protozoan, Trlchomonas 9allmae 2 The sole enzyme of the trlcarboxyhc acid (TCA) cycle detected was mahc dehydrogenase 3 T 9alhnae appears to be a TCA cycleless orgamsm that obtams most of its energy from anaerobic fermentation m much the same manner as Tr~trwhomonas Joetus and Trzchomonas vagmahs

McArdle disease and mitochondrial myopathy impair muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by distinct mechanisms: the former by restricting oxidative substrate availability caused by blocked glycogen breakdown, the latter because of intrinsic respiratory chain defects. We applied metabolic profiling to systematically interrogate these disorders at rest, when muscle symptoms are typically mini...

Tea tree oil (TTO) is a volatile essential oil obtained from the leaves of the Australian tree Melaleuca alternifolia by vapor distillation. Previously, we demonstrated that TTO has a strong inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea. This study investigates the underlying antifungal mechanisms at the molecular level. A proteomics approach using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification...

Growth and maintenance of plant cells require three basic metabolic ingredients: energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reducing power, usually in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP; in reduced form, NADPH), and precursor molecules. In a photosynthetic cell in the light, these requirements are met by photosynthesis, while in non-photosynthetic cells, the...

BACKGROUND Understanding the process of relapse to abused drugs and ultimately developing treatments that can reduce the incidence of relapse remains the primary goal for the study of substance dependence. Therefore, exploring the metabolite characteristics during the relapse stage is valuable. METHODS A heroin self-administered rat model was employed, and analysis of the 1H-nuclear magnetic ...

Pyruvate produces inotropic responses in the adult reperfused heart. Pyruvate oxidation and anaplerotic entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via carboxylation are linked to the stimulation of contractile function. The goals of this study were to determine if these metabolic pathways operate and are maintained in the developing myocardium after reperfusion. Immature male swine (age: 10-...

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are key components of the plant antioxidant defense system. While plastidic and cytosolic isoforms have been extensively studied, the importance of mitochondrial SOD at a cellular and whole-plant level has not been established. To address this, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants were generated in which expression of AtMSD1, encoding the mitochondri...

The purpose of this study was to develop a two-compartment metabolic model of brain metabolism to assess oxidative metabolism from [1-(11)C] acetate radiotracer experiments, using an approach previously applied in (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and compared with an one-tissue compartment model previously used in brain [1-(11)C] acetate studies. Compared with (13)C MRS studies, (11...

Metabolic models have been used to elucidate important aspects of brain metabolism in recent years. This work applies for the first time the concept of isotopic transient 13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to estimate intracellular fluxes in primary cultures of astrocytes. This methodology comprehensively explores the information provided by 13C labeling time-courses of intracellular metabolites...