Until recently, subtropical Hawai'i escaped the major bleaching events that have devastated many tropical regions, but the continued increases in global long-term mean temperatures and the apparent ending of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) cool phase have increased the risk of bleaching events. Climate models and observations predict that bleaching in Hawai'i will occur with increasing fr...

BACKGROUND Tooth bleaching is a safe and conservative treatment modality to improve the esthetic appearance of discolored teeth. One of the problems with the use of bleaching agents is their possible effect on surface microhardness of resin-based materials. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of in-office and at-home bleaching on surface microhardness of giomer. MATERIAL ...

Limited information is available on the bleaching susceptibility of coral species that dominate high latitude reefs along the eastern seaboard of Australia. The main aims of this study were to: (i) monitor coral health and spatial patterns of coral bleaching response at the Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) and Lord Howe Island Marine Park (LHIMP), to determine variability of bleaching suscep...

Ocean temperatures are increasing globally and the Caribbean is no exception. An extreme ocean warming event in 2010 placed Tobago's coral reefs under severe stress resulting in widespread coral bleaching and threatening the livelihoods that rely on them. The bleaching response of four reef building taxa was monitored over a six month period across three major reefs systems in Tobago. By identi...

Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) was used as an activator in H2O2 bleaching to improve bleaching efficiency. The present work was aimed at confirming different activations for various H2O2/TAED bleaching processes, including the addition of acetic anhydride and the stepaddition of sodium hydroxide. The results showed that an acetic anhydride dosage of 1%, an acetic anhydride treatment time ...

BACKGROUND Rising sea temperatures are causing significant destruction to coral reef ecosystems due to coral mortality from thermally-induced bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae and/or their photosynthetic pigments). Although bleaching has been intensively studied in corals, little is known about the causes and consequences of bleaching in other tropical symbiotic organisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCI...

Laboratory studies were performed to assess the impact of peroxide bleaching on enamel surface and subsurface physical and ultrastructural properties. Human enamel blocks were prepared, polished, and measured for native color. Cyclic bleaching treatments were carried out with soaks in whole stimulated saliva interspersed with bleaching treatments using bulk bleaching gels from commercial bleach...

The adsorption of xylan on pulp fibers improves the strength properties of paper. However, the optical properties are decreased significantly. The objective of our research was to bleach hardwood kraft pulp with adsorbed birch xylan by hydrogen peroxide and study the effect of bleaching parameters on paper properties. The bleaching parameters studied included bleaching temperature, time, initia...

The floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has demonstrated great potential in transparent conductive film (TCF) application. In FCCVD, reducing the concentration of (CNTs) is a well-agreed improving conductivity SWNT TCF, achieved by thinner and longer CNT bundles. However, this decreases yield dramatically, which persist...