■ Abstract Ethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass sources, such as agricultural and forestry residues and herbaceous and woody crops, provides unique environmental, economic, and strategic benefits. Through sustained research funding, primarily by the U.S. Department of Energy, the estimated cost of biomass ethanol production has dropped from∼$4.63/gallon in 1980 to∼$1.22/gallon today, and i...

China actively broadens its channels for environmental protection and limits pollutant emissions through industrial structure adjustment technical progress. Based on panel data of 30 provinces in from 2003 to 2017, this study investigated the effects progress pollution using spatial Dubin models. The findings show following. (1) As economy develops, situation various regions deteriorates; moreo...

Structured light beams such as optical vortices can carry the orbital angular momentum (OAM) with an unbounded quantum number. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in rotational Doppler effect vortex light. Here we present overview on technical progress measuring associated OAM. This includes how high-order OAM beam is crucial for realizing high-sensitivity remote sensing of rotating ...