Various theories of temporal control and schedule induction imply that periodic schedules temporally modulate an organism's motivational states within interreinforcement intervals. This speculation has been fueled by frequently observed multimodal activity distributions created by averaging across interreinforcement intervals. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the cost associated with s...

Quantification of brain function is a significant milestone towards understanding of the underlying workings of the brain. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is the emerging brain sensing modality by which the molecular light absorptive contrast can be non-invasively quantified from deep-lying tissue (~several cm). In this BRAIN initiative effort, we propose highspeed transcranial PA imaging using a no...

We investigate the problem related to the averaging procedure in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging studies. Typically, to reduce noise and to empower the signal strength associated with task-induced activities, recorded signals (e.g., in response to repeated stimuli or from a group of individuals) are averaged through a point-by-point conventional averaging technique. ...

CDMA systems are interference limited and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the capacity of a CDMA system. In this paper; we consider combining two effective receiver based interjerence management strategies: multiuser detection (temporal filtering) and receiver beamfoming (spatial$ltering). We formulate and examine the performunee of several linear filter stru...

The kinematic filter is a common tool in control and signal processing applications dealing with position, velocity and other kinematical variables. Usually the filter gain is given a fixed value determined due to dynamic and measurement conditions. Most studies provide analytical solutions for optimal gains in particular scenarios. In practice, due to a lack of information (or under timevaryin...

Studies of myocardial motion using magnetic resonance imaging usually require multiple breath holds and several methods have been proposed in order to reduce the scan time. Rapid imaging using k-t BLAST has gained much attention with its high reduction factors and image quality. Temporal smoothing, however, may reduce the accuracy when assessing cardiac function. In the present work, a modified...