Variation in vital demographic (e.g., survival) rates of males can influence population dynamics, but the male segment of the population is frequently ignored in ecological studies of mammals. Using a multistate capture– mark–recapture model and 44 years (1962–2006) of data from 17 habitat patches, we investigated spatial and temporal variation in age-specific survival rates of male yellow-bell...

PURPOSE To investigate the variation and symmetry of cone density distribution along the nasal and temporal retina of fellow eyes. METHODS An adaptive optics retinal camera (rtx1; Imagine Eyes) was used to obtain images of the parafoveal cone mosaic in 20 healthy subjects. Cone density was estimated at 250, 420, 760, and 1,300 μm eccentricity from the fovea along the nasal and temporal retina...

This study describes the temporal and spatial variability of bacterial communities within a combined sewer system in England. Sampling was conducted over 9 months in a sewer system with intensive monitoring of hydraulic conditions. The bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene-targeted terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These data were related to the hyd...

We explore the effects of temporal variation in multiple demographic rates on the joint evolution of delayed reproduction and seed dormancy using integral projection models (IPMs). To do this, we extend the standard IPM to include a discrete state variable representing the number of seeds in the seed bank, density-dependent recruitment, and temporal variation in demography. Parameter estimates ...

introduction studies about the health effects of long-term average exposure to outdoor air pollution have played an important role in the recent health impact assessments. exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution remains a difficult challenge because of substantial small-scale spatial variation. current approaches for assessing intra-urban ai...

1 Many plant species are currently restricted to small and isolated populations as a result of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Lack of sufficient data often leads to spatial variation being substituted for temporal variation in models to evaluate management options, but variation in population growth rate ( λ ) between sites or over years may be caused by variation in different life hist...