BACKGROUND The publicly available Laccaria bicolor genome sequence has provided a considerable genomic resource allowing systematic identification of transposable elements (TEs) in this symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus. Using a TE-specific annotation pipeline we have characterized and analyzed TEs in the L. bicolor S238N-H82 genome. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS TEs occupy 24% of the 60 Mb L...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) is widely acknowledged as an indirect indicator of spinal motor neuron excitability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES), applied over the dorsiflexors or plantar flexors of the ankle, would alter the soleus muscle's H-reflex. Attention was focused on the roles of stimulus intensity ...

Androgens are reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to characterize nongenomic signaling mechanisms in coronary artery smooth muscle (CASM) and define the ionic basis of testosterone (TES) action. TES-induced relaxation of endothelium-denuded porcine coronary arteries was nearly abolished by 20 nM iberiotoxin, a highly...

In this analysis, Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) V004 nadir ozone (O3) profiles are validated with more than 4400 coinciding ozonesonde measurements taken across the world from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) during the period 2005–2010. The TES observation operator was applied to the sonde data to ensure a consistent comparison between TES and ozonesonde...

[1] We have utilized optical constants derived from thermal infrared spectra acquired by the Mariner 9 Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (M9 IRIS) and Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS TES), during periods of relatively high dust/low water ice opacity, to generate synthetic transmission and emission spectra of the atmospheric dust. Using libraries of transmission and em...

Remote measurements of trace gas profiles from nadir-viewing instruments are often retrieved and/or reported on a fine grid containing more levels than the number of independent pieces of information in the measurement. Such profiles contain a priori information, which complicates interpretation. For scientific analyses of these data it is desirable to move to a representation in which measurem...

We use the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to determine the concentrations of the trace gases CO, O3, NH3, and formic acid (HCOOH) within boreal biomass burning plumes. We focus on 22 plumes observed by TES between June 15 and July 15, 2008 as part of the summer Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS-B) campaign. Only four of these pl...

This paper considers modeling methodologies of variable bit-rate (VBR) video sources for performance evaluation of integrated networks. We consider an example in which compressed VBR video is transmitted over a local area network carrying both video and data. We devised a group-of-block (GOB) level simulation of an H.261 algorithm over representative VBR image sequences. This simulation data is...

RNA silencing is a defense system against "genomic parasites" such as transposable elements (TE), which are potentially harmful to host genomes. In plants, transcripts from TEs induce production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and are processed into small RNAs (small interfering RNAs, siRNAs) that suppress TEs by RNA-directed DNA methylation. Thus, the majority of TEs are epigenetically silenc...

Using expression cloning to screen a human fetal kidney cDNA library for regulator(s) of pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 processing mediated by membrane-type (MT) 1 MMP, we isolated a cDNA whose product interfered with pro-MMP-2 activation. It encodes the NH2terminal 313-amino acid region of a calcium-binding proteoglycan, testican 3, with a 3-amino acid substitution at the COOH terminus a...