T toxoid is one of the most successful vaccines used in immunization programme almost all over the world. Neonatal tetanus can be prevented by immunizing women of childbearing age with tetanus toxoid, either during pregnancy or outside of pregnancy. Tetanus vaccine is used either in mono or in combination with other antigens i.e. Diphtheria, Pertussis (whole cell or acellular), Hepatitis B, Hae...

INTRODUCTION In England, antenatal pertussis immunization using a tetanus/low-dose diphtheria/5-component acellular-pertussis/inactivated-polio (TdaP5/IPV) vaccine was introduced in October 2012. We assessed infant responses to antigens in the maternal vaccine and to those conjugated to tetanus (TT) or the diphtheria toxin variant, CRM. METHODS Infants of 141 TdaP5/IPV-vaccinated mothers in S...

HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants born to HIV-infected mothers from areas in the world with a high burden of infectious disease suffer higher infectious morbidity and mortality than their HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) peers. Vaccination provides protection from infection. The possibility exists that altered response to vaccination contributes to the higher rate of infection in HEU than ...

Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is a common antibody immunodeficiency defined as a poor antibody response to unconjugated pneumococcal polysccharides present in the 23valent pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23). Clinical manifestations of specific antibody deficiency include recurrent sinopulmonary infections, such as sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia. All immunoglobulin concentrati...

OBJECTIVES Tetanus, which is a vaccine preventable disease, remains a significant health concern. The mortality is especially high in elderly and farming is a significant risk factor for the disease. This study evaluates the serological immunity of tetanus and the related factors, in a farmer population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in a village located in the western pa...

Universal vaccination of neonates and children against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has had a tremendous impact on the control of these infectious diseases worldwide. Immunization by the triple diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) has been applied in Iran for almost 50 years. Periodic assessment of immunogenicity of this vaccine is an important aspect of successful m...

background: conventional hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination fails to achieve efficient protection in about 5–10% of the world population. hence, different strategies have been adopted to ameliorate hbv antibody titers. this study aimed to evaluate the concurrent application of tetanus‑diphtheria (td) and hbv vaccination on hepatitis b surface (hbs) antibody titer in low‑responder healthy indiv...

Maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT) is the most effective was to prevent neonatal tetanus. In Duhok, Iraq data indicate low vaccination coverage. This study assessed TT immunization status among 600 randomly selected pregnant women attending Azadi teaching hospital, Duhok for delivery, by both tetanus antibody seroprevalence and TT history. WHO criteria for protective levels were use...

BACKGROUND Although a combined Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)/meningococcal capsular group C (MenC) conjugate vaccine with a tetanus toxoid carrier protein (Hib/MenC-TT) is not licensed for use in those above 2 years of age due to lack of data on safety and efficacy, certain patient groups at high risk of MenC and/or Hib disease are recommended to receive it. Laboratory workers working wit...

Chemotherapy regimens and clinical support advances have improved survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The after-effects of treatment are a reason for concern, including damage to the immune system induced by immunosuppressive therapy which is reflected in the loss of antibody protection provided by prior immunizations. Our goal was to assess the presence of measles, rubella,...