Starch granule initiation is poorly understood at the molecular level. The glucosyltransferase, STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4), plays a central role in Arabidopsis leaves, but its function cereal endosperms unknown. We investigated of SS4 wheat, which has distinct spatiotemporal pattern during grain development. generated TILLING mutants tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) that are defective both hom...

BACKGROUND Nitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. One of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (GOGAT). Together with glutamine synthetase (GS), GOGAT maintains the flow of nitrogen from NH4 (+) into glutamine an...

to improve bread wheat salt tolerance, new genetic sources of salt tolerance are indispensable, and this requires a screening of wheat germplasm. in order to evaluate bread wheat germplasm, 34 accessions including; hexaploid wheats (aabbdd), tetraploid (aabb) and wild relative diploids (dd and aa genome) collected from different regions of iran were evaluated under normal vs. salinity stress (n...

Optimization of root system architecture (RSA) traits is an important objective for modern wheat breeding. Linkage and association mapping for RSA in two recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel of 183 elite durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) accessions evaluated as seedlings grown on filter paper/polycarbonate screening plates revealed 20 clusters ...

Most of the natural variation in wheat vernalization response is determined by allelic differences in the MADS-box transcription factor VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1). Extended exposures to low temperatures during the winter (vernalization) induce VRN1 expression and promote the transition of the apical meristem to the reproductive phase. In contrast to its Arabidopsis homolog (APETALA1), which is mainl...

Genetic variability of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was evaluated in hexaploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid wheat (Triticum spp.). A DNA probe to kernel-specific PPO hybridized to PPO clones from an immature wheat kernel cDNA library but not to clones from a seedling cDNA library. Recombinant protein and antibody were developed from the kernel-specific PPO. PPO transcript and antigenic prote...