T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a recently discovered lineage of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in auto-immunity and inflammation. Several recent studies reveal new factors that promote or impair differentiation of T lymphocytes into Th17 cells, thereby contributing to our understanding of how this lineage is specified and how to combat Th17-mediated autoimmunity. Differentiation of naı¨v...

BACKGROUND There is consensus that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be mediated by myelin specific T cells of Th1 as well as of Th17 phenotype, but the contribution of either subset to the pathogenic process has remained controversial. In this report, we compare functional differences and pathogenic potential of "monoclonal" T cell lines that recognize myelin oligodendrocyte ...

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT (RORγT) is the orphan nuclear receptor that regulates the development of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-17. The differentiation of Th17 cells is associated with the upregulation of RORγT mRNA, and the mechanisms regulating that process in human cells are not well understood. RORγt as transcription factor was selectively expressed in Th17 cells and i...

BACKGROUND Several types of T cells have been associated with the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA), including Th1/Th2/Th17/Tregs cell. It has been appreciated that immunotherapy with paternal or third party lymphocytes is an effective method of treatment for URSA patients. The balance of Th1/Th2 cells could be maintained and an increase of Treg cells would be be...

Although protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ)-deficient mice are resistant to the induction of Th17-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the function of PKC-θ in Th17 differentiation remains unknown. In this article, we show that purified, naive CD4 PKC-θ(-/-) T cells were defective in Th17 differentiation, whereas Th1 and Th2 differentiation appeared normal. Activation of PKC-θ with PMA ...

Induction of pathogenic TH17 cells by inducible salt-sensing kinase SGK1. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Th17 response and induces pathogenic effe...

T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an essential role in the clearance of extracellular pathogenic bacteria and fungi. However, this subset is critically involved in the pathology of many autoimmune diseases, e.g., psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. Therefore, Th17 responses need to be tightly regulated in vivo to mediate effective...

Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper cells (Th17 cells) constitute a lineage of CD4 effector T helper cells that is distinct from the Th1 and Th2 CD4 phenotypes. In humans, Th17 differentiation is induced in the presence of the cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TGF beta, whereas IL-23 maintains Th17 survival. Effector human Th17 cells express several cytokines and cell surface markers, includi...

BACKGROUND Both regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper IL-17-producing cells (Th17 cells) have been found to be involved in human malignancies, however, the possible implication of Tregs in regulating generation and differentiation of Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion remains to be elucidated. METHODS The numbers of both CD39(+)Tregs and Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion and pe...

OBJECTIVE Maintaining a right balance between Th17 and Treg might be critical to the immunopathogenesis of active tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to assess whether the Th17/Treg balance is altered in active TB patients. METHODS 250 study subjects (90 active TB patients, 80 latent TB subjects, and 80 healthy controls) were recruited for the study. The expression of Th17 and Treg in periphe...