Integrin CD18, a component of the LFA-1 complex that also includes CD11a, is essential for Th2, but not Th1, cell homing, but the explanation for this phenomenon remains obscure. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which Th2 effector responses require the LFA-1 complex. CD11a-deficient T cells showed normal in vitro differentiation and function. However, Th2 cell-dependent allergic l...

CD4 T cells can be primarily polarized to differentiate into Th1 or Th2 cells. CD44 is a marker of T cell activation and a property of long-lived memory cells and implicated in cell migration, activation, and differentiation. To date, whether CD44 has a role in regulating Th1-Th2 differentiation has not been determined. In this study, we compared Th1 and Th2 responses in wild-type and CD44-defi...

PURPOSE In leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (L-CTCL), malignant T cells accumulate in the blood and give rise to widespread skin inflammation. Patients have intense pruritus, increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), and decreased T-helper (TH)-1 responses, and most die from infection. Depleting malignant T cells while preserving normal immunity is a clinical challenge. L-CTCL has been variably descr...

We showed that dietary long-chain (n-3) PUFAs present in fish oil (FO) affect CD4(+) T cell proliferation and cytokine production in C57BL/6 mice. To test the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary (n-3) PUFAs could be due to the indirect suppression of T helper (Th)1 cells by cross-regulation of enhanced Th2 activation, mice were fed a wash-out control diet [5% corn oil (CO), ...

The affinity of the MHC/peptide/TCR interaction is thought to be one factor determining the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. To study whether CD4+ cells generated under conditions favoring Th1 or Th2 responses select structurally different TCRs, Th1 and Th2 clones and lines were generated from nonobese diabetic and nonobese diabetic H2-E transgenic mice against the pe...

Abstract The type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 reside within a tandem multi-gene cluster in mammals. These cytokines represent the hallmark of immune responses controlling parasites, promoting tissue repair as well causing allergic diseases. Both innate adaptive lymphocytes secrete with discordant production spectra. However, how those two related but distinct configure exten...

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing global epidemic associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, immunosuppression and importantly, increased incidence of primary metastatic cancers. We have recently demonstrated that the immunosuppressive nature NAFLD livers represented by myeloid-derived suppressor cells dysregulated natural-killer T cells, result...

The immune response in atopic dermatitis (AD) is driven predominantly by T helper (Th2) cells. Th2-type cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 activate the Janus kinase/signal transduction activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, which essential for their pro-inflammatory action detrimental effects on permeability barrier epidermis. lipid abnormalities have not been completely ...