the protection of fundamental human rights at the time of war or peace is an obligation that should be observed at anytime by the states and international organizations. after the second world war, the non-peaceful situations such as occupation and economic sanctions have occurred numerously, which in some cases lasted for more than a decade. unfortunately, the laws governing these situations a...

Abstract. Given a doubling measure μ on R, it is a classical result of harmonic analysis that Calderón-Zygmund operators which are bounded in L(μ) are also of weak type (1, 1). Recently it has been shown that the same result holds if one substitutes the doubling condition on μ by a mild growth condition on μ. In this paper another proof of this result is given. The proof is very close in spirit...

A change in subtask order in the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm increases the effect of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) on the second response. We used a paradigm with cued, randomly determined subtask order to test the hypothesis that this SOA by order switch overadditivity reflects order control, via "copying" stimulus order. In Experiments 1a and 1b, overadditivity was eviden...

Dear Alice, I have been taking OTC cough/cold/flu preps for about a week. These all contain acetaminophen with the subsequent warnings against using if one imbibes due to possible liver damage. Is there a period of time I should wait (I'm better now) after I stop using the OTCs before I can resume enjoying my "more than 3 alcoholic beverages" per day to allow the acetaminophen to metabolize? Re...

Although dual-task interference is ubiquitous in a variety of task domains, stop-signal studies suggest that response inhibition is not subject to such interference. Nevertheless, no study has directly examined stop-signal performance in a dual-task setting. In two experiments, stop-signal performance was examined in a psychological refractory period task, in which subjects inhibited one respon...

The standard bottleneck model of the psychological refractory period (PRP) assumes that the selection of the second response is postponed until the first response has been selected. Accordingly, dual-task interference is attributed to a single central-processing bottleneck involving decision and response selection, but not the execution of the response itself. In order to critically examine the...

We generalize the classical Cayley-Dickson doubling process starting with a quaternion algebra over a field F by allowing the scalar in the doubling to be an invertible element in the algebra. We investigate the resulting eight-dimensional algebras over F and show that they are division algebras for all scalars chosen in D outside of the base field F , if D is a division algebra.

The hypothesis that episodic memory retrieval can occur in parallel with other cognitive processes was tested in 2 experiments. Participants memorized words and then performed speeded cued recall (Experiment 1) or speeded yes-no recognition (Experiment 2) in a dual-task situation. The psychological refractory period design was used: The participant was presented with a single test item at vario...