the relations of abbasid state and bizans empire were more hostile in rashid era. on the other hand, the good understanding of abbasid and westerns was one of the most important reasons of this hostility because they were very frightened of their cooperation and this factor continued until mamun era. great sharlman succeeded his father, pepin, and in this era, his relation with ghostantaniyyeh ...

For a long time, the idea of the ghoul preoccupied the lives of many people from different cultures and religions. Though the ghoul has origins as old as the Mesopotamian civilization, Arabs were largely responsible for popularizing it. Because Islam incorporated this being in its doctrine, the ghoul remained a source of fear and mystery in the Arab culture. Peter M. Holt and Ann Katherine argu...

the paper aims to examine why women took part in the battles at the advent of islam and how much they were effective in the promotion of islam. the participation of women in battles in the advent of islam is one of its undeniable and sure facts, and however, islam is against the women to take part in battles as warriors, yet, nothing in the cases of saving oneself or defending the holy prophet’...

conclusions islam has a unique perspective on spiritual health as it encompasses all aspects of human beings. thus, it is necessary to carefully study the difference between the islamic concept of spiritual health and that of other religions and ideologies to design suitable and useful nursing care for iranian patients that satisfy their spiritual needs. results the relevant literature in the t...

the prophet struggled a lot to promote the social position and status of women in the society. among the famous women of early islam, who took their model from islamic teachings was umma habibah. detached from her economic and family relations, she joined the circle of muslims and had a great impact at the early islam. she was raised in islamic teachings and took an important place in the early...

This study developed Islamic Sex Education (ISE) interactive courseware to help users particularly parents discover guidelines in guiding them for sex education in Islam. In fact, sex education in Islam provides guidelines in manners related to what is allowed and forbidden, and stresses the faith towards the religion. Islam believes that parents play the main role to educate their children abo...

This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, E...