considering the role of witness in the different sciences of language and literature and the importance of the muallaqat in arabic literature and the importance of explanations of these poems, in the present study, it is intended to study the method of commentators n applying the the different evidence of the quran, hadith, poetry, proverb, descriptive - analytical method was employed. the resu...

Persian writings on theory of music has passed through phases of change during its evolution. One of these phases began at the beginning of the 16th century with the abandonment of scientific Greek-Arabic influenced writing on music theory and the emergence of a new approach to the subject. This phase, which can be labelled the post-scholastic period, was one of the most productive phases of th...

the Diseases of Women. By Alexander J. C. Skene, M.D. Ihird .bdition. Pp. xvin., ggi. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1898. It is six years since the publication of the last edition of this work, and during that period great advances have been made, which have been duly incorporated in the present issue. The treatment of uterine fibroids has been fully brought up to date, but a more clear st...

Lind is revered as the first doctor to conduct systematic clinical trials of potential cures for scurvy-trials in which oranges and lemons came out as decisive winners. The following paper argues that our modern understanding of scurvy and vitamin C has hindered our understanding of Lind's own conception of his work and of the place within it of his clinical trials. Lind conceived of scurvy not...