3 INTRODUCTION This paper is a 'think-piece' about the relationship between demographic changes and consumption-both levels and structure-and via this on human development. The motive for focusing on demographic changes is related to recent findings that the demographic transition towards older populations, by increasing savings/income ratios and worker/child ratios, (1) speeds up economic grow...

Increasing human population growth has led to elevated levels of human-carnivore conflict. However, some carnivore populations have adapted to urban environments and the resources they supply. Such associations may influence carnivore ecology, behaviour and life-history. Pockets of urbanisation sometimes occur within protected areas, so that anthropogenic influences on carnivore biology are not...

Edible insects are a natural renewable resource that provides food to many ethnic groups in Mexico. Some of these species are overexploited because of increased consumption, caused by the huge human population growth in the area and because of the large demand of these insects from many restaurants in Mexico and in other countries. In Tulancalco, a small arid village in the State of Hidalgo, I ...

Background and aims: Nowadays, the age structure of Iran is transitioning from youth to elderly. Although, the elderly population are still accounted for a small portion of the population; however, the population growth rate of this age group is growing compared to the growth of the total population. Therefore, understanding of the changes of this population is necessary. This study aimed to id...

Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, among other channels. Geography also seems to affect economic policy choices. Many geographic regions that have not been conducive to modern economic growth have high population densities and are experiencing rapid increases in popu...

Protected areas (PAs) have long been criticized as creations of and for an elite few, where associated costs, but few benefits, are borne by marginalized rural communities. Contrary to predictions of this argument, we found that average human population growth rates on the borders of 306 PAs in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were nearly double average rural growth, suggesting that PAs...

In Bangladesh, the size of the urban population is growing at an alarming rate. Its urban population constituted only five % of the total population in 1961 but rose to 18 % by 1991. According to the latest population census report (1991) about 21 million people live in urban areas (Government of Bangladesh, 1994). By the end of this century, the urban population in Bangladesh will probably acc...

Genes are assumed to generate choice behavior in an environment where there are intertemporal tradeoffs. A gene survives the evolutionary process if it is not possible for a rare mutant gene to grow at a faster rate. Our goal is to represent the choice behavior of the surviving genes by a preference relation. We show that if choices affect the number of offspring but not the descendants’ reprod...

Variation in movement across time and space fundamentally shapes the abundance and distribution of populations. Although a variety of approaches model structured population dynamics, they are limited to specific types of spatially structured populations and lack a unifying framework. Here, we propose a unified network-based framework sufficiently novel in its flexibility to capture a wide varie...

The first positive trend is the slowing of global population growth. There is a significant shift in global fertility that will enable us at least to think about moving to a world of near stable populations within a century, maybe sooner. Fertility in about 40 per cent of the world’s countries is now below the replacement rate. Another 40 per cent are experiencing continued downward movement of...