Accounts of presupposition and presupposition projection almost invariably go back to Karttunen [4, 5] and Stalnaker [9, 10]. These authors proposed an explanation for the fact that the presupposition of a conjunction A ∧ B consists of the presupposition of A conjoined with the implication assA → presB. When a speaker utters this conjunction, she may take it for granted that A after she has utt...

Presuppositions are vital for language comprehension, but little remains known about how they are processed. Using eye tracking in reading, we investigated two issues based on German wieder (’again’). First, we looked at the time course of presupposition processing by testing for processing costs of unsupported presuppositions. Secondly, we tested whether embedding wieder under negation affecte...

A proposal concerning the status of the semantic relation between the consequent clause of a conditional sentence and the conditional sentence itself is made: this relation corresponds to the dual of presupposition, in the technical sense. It holds not only for conditional declaratives but also for conditional questions, imperatives and exclamatives. Technically this is possible because conditi...

"Pragmatics is the study of meaning a speaker's utterance," according to Yule (1996:3).At same time it’s hearer, who deduces utterance from context what speaker wants convey. Speakers generally make indirect assumptions about true picture situation in everyday status quo, and or comprehension stated may be altered by preconceptions (Haji, Mohammed, 2019). On this note notion presupposition aris...

Several theories of presupposition projection predict that some sentences which intuitively yield unconditional presuppositions should have weaker, conditional ones. For instance, If John is realistic, he knows that he is incompetent is predicted to have the presupposition that if John is realistic, he is incompetent, whereas one certainly infers that John is in fact incompetent. We summarize s...

The chief characteristic of presuppositions is that they tend to take wide scope, yet most theories of presupposition, the author's not excepted, fail to provide an explanation of this fact. Recently, however, it has been suggested that a principled explanation can be given in terms of informativeness: the idea is that presuppositions simply prefer stronger readings to weaker ones. This proposa...

Since van der Sandt and Geurts have put forward and extensively applied the notion of a fundamental identity of presupposition and anaphora, something like a universal consensus seems to have developed that this view is basically correct. Supposing that it is, and further supposing that it entails an empirical hypothesis, there are a number of facts that have so far remained unaccounted for. Th...