Developmental disturbances of permanent teeth can result from trauma to primary teeth because of the proximity of the root of the primary teeth to their permanent successors. We describe the case of a 14-month-old boy who was referred to the baby clinic of the School of Dentistry, Universidad Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil, after sustaining a severe trauma that led to intrusion of the rig...

We investigate the problem of when ≤ λ–support iterations of < λ–complete notions of forcing preserve λ. We isolate a property — properness over diamonds — that implies λ is preserved and show that this property is preserved by λ–support iterations. Our condition is a relative of that presented in [1]; it is not clear if the two conditions are equivalent. We close with an application of our tec...

The touch and concern doctrine addresses a very particular problem: Successors, at best, weakly assent to the land use promises that their predecessors made when they take property with notice intended bind them. Thus, there is little reason presume deal we may them would be one strike. Of course, whenever deals persist over time, it possible or other contracting party no longer feel gains from...

Treaties and covenants have been the most important instruments of international relations in both ancient modem times, playing a significant role promotion religious freedom, peaceful coexistence, interfaith harmony. The rapid spread broad appeal early Islam brought matters cosmopolitan state governance to cadre Muslim leaders whose main political experience had with parochial Arabian tribalis...