Dr. Bruce Hoffman is Director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence and Chairman of the Department of International Relations, St. Andrews University, Scotland. The face of terrorism is changing. New adversaries, new motivations, and new rationales have surfaced in recent years to challenge the conventional wisdom on both terrorists and terrorism. More critically, perh...

Arriving at a consensual definition of the phenomenon of terrorism has been a particularly difficult undertaking. Some definitions are either too specific or too vague, concentrating on some essential “terrorist” aspect of the actions, strategies, or types of non-state organizations that engage in terrorism. In this paper I draw on global approaches from international relations and world system...

The September 11 attack on the US has revealed an unprecedented terrorism worldwide range of destruction. Recently, it has been related to the percolation of worldwide spread passive supporters. This scheme puts the suppression of the percolation effect as the major strategic issue in the fight against terrorism. Accordingly the world density of passive supporters should be reduced below the pe...

It is tempting to argue that poor economic circumstances are a precursor to terrorist activities. After all, economic theory suggests that it would be easier for a terrorist group to recruit lowincome or unemployed individuals since they have a relatively low opportunity cost of time. Moreover, as argued by Crenshaw (1981), people who believe that their economic prospects have been limited by o...

Terrorism has emerged as the newest menace to world peace and, in particular, India's national security. Terrorists are growing their sophistication and competence every aspect of operations. Weapon technology is becoming more accessible, buying power terrorist groups increasing due easy availability both equipment trained personnel operate it. threaten not just values democracy independence, b...

This research aims to analyze the comparison of counter-terrorism policies between Indonesia and Iraq. is a descriptive normative legal research. Legal materials consist primary secondary obtained through literature study. The approaches used include legislative approach, conceptual approach case approach. Based on results research, it known that differences in counterterrorism Iraq lie securit...

Real-world policy decisions involve trade-offs. Sometimes the trade-offs involve both the efficacy and morality of potential policies. In this chapter, the morality and likely efficacy of hiring one more spy to help anti-terrorist intelligence gathering efforts is compared to the morality and likely efficacy of implementing a prediction market on terrorism. Prediction markets on terrorism allow...

It was hypothesized that intrinsic religiousness helps to cope with increased salience of terrorism. Intrinsically religious and non-religious participants were told that it is highly probable or highly improbable, respectively, that terrorist attacks will occur in Germany. High probability of terrorism only negatively affected the mood of non-religious participants but not of intrinsically rel...