The question mark in the heading of this series is deliberate. The most confidently applied diagnoses used for neurological disease are perhaps those in which a reasonably stereotypical clinical presentation has a known pathological substrate, in turn the consequence of a specific biochemical or enzymatic dysfunction. McArdle’s disease springs to mind as one such example, although even there so...

The verb ‘pounce’ describes a single, near-instantaneous event. Yet, we easily understand that, “For several minutes the cat pounced...” describes a situation in which multiple pounces occurred, even though this interpretation is not overtly specified by the sentence’s syntactic structure or by any of its individual words––a phenomenon known as ‘aspectual coercion’. Previous psycholinguistic st...

Aims. We determine carbon, oxygen, and their isotopic abundances based on CO and OH spectra in 23 red giant stars, and identify possible origin of difficulty in abundance analysis of cool luminous stars. Methods. We apply the line-by-line analysis based on the classical micro-turbulent model and 1 D model photospheres. Results. We found purely empirically that there is a critical value of log W...