The use of laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) for the structural characterization of thermolabile quaternary phosphonium salts has been evaluated. A comparison has been made between LM mass spectra obtained by direct analysis of "neat" organic salts and the corresponding "matrix-assisted" LM mass spectra. Main limitations of LMMS for the direct analysis of neat organic salts (i.e., no ma...

Each fortified and control sample, moistened to 40~ saturation, was inoculated and kept in an enameled tray loosely covered with a glass plate to retard water evaporation, substrate volatilization, and photodecomposition. Thus, the substrates would be subject to possible microbial degradation, chemical degradation, and adsorption to soil colloids, but not losses due to leaching or soil transpor...

To investigate the effect of sintering temperature and sintering time on arsenic volatility and arsenic leaching in the sinter, we carried out experimental works and studied the structural changes of mineral phases and microstructure observation of the sinter at different sintering temperatures. Raw materials were shaped under the pressure of 10 MPa and sintered at 1000~1350°C for 45 min with a...

Ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization from NH -based fertilizer and animal manure reduces their nitrogen (N) value is a source of environmental pollution. Mixing with biochar may lower by adding H + , adsorbing mineral N, or increasing N immobilization in microbial biomass. The objective this study was to determine whether wood-based could vented pails containing (liquid swine, dairy slurry, solid pou...

The structural evolution of rice husk char particles during steam gasification was studied by ultimate analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope, N(2) physisorption method and X-ray diffraction. Drastic changes in char structure occurred even when the char conversion was minimal. The C, H and O content decreased by more than 85%, 67% and 9...

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals, and has significant industrial and agricultural uses. These uses have led to severe localized mercury pollution. Mercury volatilization after its reduction to the metallic form by mercury-resistant bacteria has been reported as a mechanism for mercury bioremediation [Brunke, Deckwer, Frischmuth, Horn, Lunsdorf, Rhode, Rohricht, Timmis and Weppen (1...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two fermented rice/soy products (A and B) on fecal odor compound volatilization and performance parameters when included in broiler diets. In Experiment 1 the addition of fermentate B at 900 g/ton increased (p<0.05) d 21 body weight. The inclusion of both fermentates resulted in significant decreases (p<0.05) in multiple volatile o...